I. Introduction. In The State Of Texas, If You Receive

I. Introduction In the state of Texas, if you receive payment for a quarter ounce or less of marijuana, it is considered a ‘Class A’ misdemeanor (Health and Safety Code, 2015, Sec. 481.120.). However, if you deliver a quarter ounce or less of marijuana and do not receive payment, it is a ‘Class B’ misdemeanor (Health and Safety Code, 2015, Sec. 481.120.). It is a state jail felony if you deliver and receive payment for more than a quarter ounce but less than five pounds. If the amount exceeds five pounds, but less than fifty pounds, you will be charged with a second degree felony (Health and Safety Code, 2015, Sec. 481.120.). The charges move up to a first degree felony if you deliver more than fifty pounds, but less than 2,000 pounds, of†¦show more content†¦(2015). Sec. 481.201). In June of 2015, the â€Å"Compassionate-Use Act† was passed to allow patients low prescriptions of THC to help alleviate seizures and other painful symptoms. To do this, the doct or must have proven that he prescribed two separate non-THC treatments and both proved ineffective of alleviating the patient’s systems (Health and Safety Code, 2015, S.B. 339). II. Rationale and Intent for Texas’ Policy Back in the 1900’s when there was a large immigration influx of Mexicans into the U.S., citizens not only saw there was an influx of their customs. This included the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes (Burnett and Reiman, 2014). What most Americans didn’t realize is that it is the same as what they knew as cannabis, which had been used in many medicines for years and was found in may American households. The U.S. had been known to control immigrants by having an excuse to search and deport certain races by outlawing the use of their traditional medicinal drugs, like had been done with Chinese immigrants and the use of opium in San Francisco (Burnett and Reiman, 2014). Texas adopted this way of thought by using marijuana to control Mexican immigrants. Claims were made that marijuana was able to â€Å"cause men of color to become violent and solicit sex from white women† (Burnett and Reiman, 2014). From accusation like this, the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 came into being andShow MoreRelatedThe Texas Railroad Commission And The American Economy Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe Texas Railroad Commission What does one think about when they hear the words Texas Railroad Commission? Many things may come to mind but it’s really only two things and those are natural gas and oil. Which happened to be one of Texas biggest assets year round. It is one of the largest bodies in all of the country which gives it such a large influence on the supply and prices of oil in the country. When the commission first came about its original purpose was to oversee the railroads. WhenRead MoreRoe Vs. 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Sickle Cell Paper - 797 Words

Sickle Cell Disease (Anemia) Child and Adolescent Development (PSC 1246A) Sickle Cell Disease, commonly referred to as Sickle Cell Anemia, is a blood disease which red blood cells form an abnormal sickle or crescent shape. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body and are normally shaped like a disc. This disease is genetically inherited from both parents. If you inherit the sickle cell gene from only one parent, you will have sickle cell trait. People with sickle cell trait do not have the symptoms of sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell disease is much more common in people of African and Mediterranean descent. It is also seen in people from South and Central America, the Caribbean, and the Middle East. Sickle cell†¦show more content†¦People with the sickle cell trait can never get the disease. They don’t have any of the symptoms except anemia which is usually treated with vitamins with extra iron. On a personal note, I have the Sickle Cell trait. I have been known all my life about the trait and the disease. I inherited the trait from my mother’s side of the family. My father’s side does not carry the trait. My mother’s family is also from the West Indies, and my father’s family is not. When I married my first husband, (whom I remarried a few months ago after twenty years), I realized that that he that had the sickle cell trait as well as myself. We tried and did not have any children. Twenty years later, we have decided to have a child. With the advancements in science, we discovered that with in vitro fertilization, we can take my eggs and his sperm and fertilize them and since every one in four has a 25% chance of having the disease, we will take the one healthy egg and produce a healthy child and discard the three infected with the genetic trait. It is an expensive, yet healthy choice for our child to live a normal, healthy, happy life disease f ree. In conclusion, genetics make us who we are. 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Sickle cell has a lot to do withRead MoreAnatomy And Physiology : Sickle Cell Disease Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesFinal Paper – Sickle cell disease Sickle cell disease, also called sickle cell anemia is a group of disorders that affects the molecule in red blood cells that deliver oxygen to the cells. Approximately 100,00 people in America are affected by this disease. Sickle cell disease is an inherited disease, which means it is passed from parents to their children. This disease occurs mainly in people if African, middle eastern, Mediterranean, and Indian decent. People who are born with sickle cellRead MoreSickle And The Sickle Cell Disease1369 Words   |  6 PagesThe sickle cell disease affects about 100,000 people in the America. The most common ethnic group the sickle cell anemia is seen in is African Americans and Hispanics. Approximately one in every ten African American and one in every one hundred Hispanic Americans have the sickle cell trait. Approximately two million people have the sickle cell trait in America. Approximately one in five- hundred African Americans and one in one thousand to one thousand and four hundred Hispanic-Americans have sickle

Information Technology Griffith Universityâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Information Technology Griffith University? Answer: Introduction I am a student at my second semester cramming over Information Technology at Griffith University. Provided with the knowledge of data programming, telecommunications and system management I am going on with the methodologies and tools of information technology. Doing this bachelorette degree will be a stepping stone towards the success point. The 21st era has been a changing spot in technology which will be a turning point for me, as a student of Information Technology. I prefer for Information Technology because it is an intellectual tool which ought to provide you the links to be a programmer, technologist, senior architect and many more (Milman, 2007). Computer Science has been my passion since childhood. Computer technologies have changed up the thinking of manhood. The scientist of information research center concocts and devises technology and upgrades the on hand technologies. In my childhood I was fond of robots and their technical functions. Inventing new techniques to make the robot work was my favorite agenda. I use to tie up the wires in order to make the small machines to work. This made up my interest towards computer technology. Education You have to be clear about the concepts of arithmetic and science which will grew your interest towards the scientific approach at computer technology. Mathematics and Science were the course at intermediate which were the ultimate step for competitive scrutiny so as to opt for undergraduate course. The days of first semester has helped me a lot for understanding the business concepts to be cleared at Computer Engineering. I am at my second semester and going on with perfect strategy and dedication towards my studies. It is important to be updated with the latest trends of technologies going around you. The thesis of Computer Engineering has always kept me up to date with the streamline of technologies (Bhattacharya, 2007). The courses include: Robotic Manipulation Robotic Foundation Intelligence system of Machine learning Robotic interactions with Human Data Science learning The zeal of this course and the interesting studies had motivated me for this standup. As interested in the robots and mechanical works this place is perfect for me. I have planned to look upon this way so as to emerge as a technical researcher on robotics, the familiarity between man and robots, as the coming generation would only specify over manmade tactics i.e. robotics work over. Computer interests are growing in the young genre and the coming years will be modified with technical world and will ensure the things like robots. As concerning about my future, it will be an elite adventure working with robots and watching the world which will be a step with just a click. Not to forget my academics, my academic records are up to mark whether at my school stage or at the first semester, I have achieved the elegance at my works. I have also gone up with the robotics research centers and gained up the knowledge over the structuring features and working of robots. Looking forward firstly I will track up the knowledge from institutions for the practical works over the robots and the ranges of computer applications of changing the scenario to a computer place. Then I will be working on the voice controller by matching up with the experienced workers (Heinrich, 2007). Professional Skills To work up with robotics it is vital to have some technical skills as it is difficult to handle this work as this requires viable and analytical skills to cope up with the needs of the structure. Once I recognize the words of a project manager that the people who have gained robotic degrees have achieved the title of managers or engineers. Robotics is a difficult field to cope up but with an excellent analysis of the system I was able to grab up the techniques of the study of robots and their functions (Guest, 2006). There are about 1500 encoding languages to be understood but no one could catch up all the tongue. But with a programming mindset it was easy to grape up with this need. Grabbing up the learning skills has been an interesting fact for me with my tome at every topic. I was estimable control over my learning skills at the academics, to my luck this talent came up to be essential for my professional take up (Hernon, 2006). Mathematics has been always a pillar to all my batch mates, but I find it interested to solve over the problems and the calculus section was my favorite. This has helped me at the function of robotics. I have worked as a content writer and was always an instructor to the new ones. Communicable skills are therefore very important as for any of your work you should be able to communicate with different personality. It was honorable for me to guide the team at one of the researches through which I was able to gain more confidence towards the squad. Once I was working over a machine to design it up and so as to make it work. The structure was ready by a month but while going through its working something was missing that it dropped out. Therefore I have to give it more time than it was ready by a week with working function (Moon, 2004). Industry Knowledge To develop industry knowledge is n important criterion towards the career plans. This gives an idea of being and interacting with different taste of people. I have undergone with industry knowledge through the speakers during the class. We were told about the importance about the industry knowledge which will be helpful for our careers. The event was engaged at the college campus which tends to explain of having the experience of industry talks, the management and how to take up your profile with the needs of the industry. I am capable of handling up the works of the industries as I have been attending the events related to the information technology and as per my experiences and the work on robotics it will be a great opportunity to build up my career. References Milman, N. B. (2007). Web-based digital teaching portfolios: fostering reflection and technology competence in preservice teacher education students. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 373-397, 2005. [Online]. Available: ERIC, https://www.eric.ed.gov/. Bhattacharya, M. (2007). Electronic portfolios, student reflective practices, and the evaluation of effective learning, 2001. [Online]. Available: https://www.aare.edu.au/01pap/bha01333.htm. Heinrich, Bhattacharya,and Rayudu. (2007). Preparation for lifelong learning using eportfolios, European Journal of Engineering Education. Trajkovski G.(Ed.). (2006). Diversity in Information Technology Education, Hershey, PA: Information Science Publishing, pp. 1-14. Guest, G. (2006). Lifelong learning for engineers: a global perspective. European Journal of Engineering Education, 31(3), 273-281. Hernon P. Dugan and Schwartz C. (Eds.). (2006). Revisiting Outcomes Assessment in Higher Education, Westport: Libraries Unlimited, pp. 151-164. Paivi L. M. Tynjala, Kirsti Lonka (Eds.). (2001). Writing as a Learning Tool: Integrating Theory and Practice, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 145-160. Moon, J. A. (2004). A handbook of reflective and experiential learning: Theory Practice, London: RoutledgeFalmer

Will Computers Control Humans In The Future Essays - Isaac Asimov

Will Computers Control Humans In The Future? People always tend to seek the easy way out looking for something that would make their lives easier. Machines and tools have given us the ability to do more in less time giving us, at the same time, more comfort. As the technology advances, computers become faster and more powerful. These new machines are enabling us to do more in less time making our lives easier. The increased use of computers in the future, however, might have negative results and impact on our lives. In the novel Nine Tomorrows Isaac Asimov often criticizes our reliance on computers by portraying a futuristic world where computers control humans. One of the images which Asimov describes in the book is that humans might become too dependent on computers. In one of the stories, Profession, Asimov writes about people being educated by computer programs designed to educate effortlessly a person. According to the Profession story people would no longer read books to learn and improve their knowledge. People would rely on the computers rather than "try to memorize enough to match someone else who knows" (Nine Tomorrows, Profession 55). People would not chose to study, they would only want to be educated by computer tapes. Putting in knowledge would take less time than reading books and memorizing something that would take almost no time using a computer in the futuristic world that Asimov describes. Humans might began to rely on computers and allow them to control themselves by letting computers educate people. Computers would start teaching humans what computers tell them without having any choice of creativity. Computer ould start to control humans' lives and make humans become too dependent on the computers. Another point that is criticized by Asimov is the fact that people might take their knowledge for granted allowing computers to take over and control their lives. In a story called The Feeling of Power, Asimov portrays how people started using computers to do even simple mathematical calculations. Over a long period of time people became so reliable on computers that they forgot the simplest multiplication and division rules. If someone wanted to calculate an answer they would simply use their pocket computer to do that (The Feeling of Power 77). People became too independent from the start making them forget what they have learned in the past. People in the story The Feeling of Power would take for granted what they have learned over centuries of learning and chose computers because of their ability to do their work faster. The lack of manual mathematics, which people chose to forget in the story, caused computers to be the ones to solve simple mathematics problems for the p le taking control of the humans by doing the work for them (The Feeling of Power 81-82). The reliance of computers went to such an extent that even Humans began to use computers in all fields of study and work allowing computers to control their lives by taking over and doing everything for them. According to another story in the book, Asimov also describes how computers would be able to predict probabilities of an event, future. In the story All the Troubles of the World one big computer predicted crime before it even happened, allowing the police to take the person who was going to commit the crime and release him/her after the danger has passed (All The Troubles of The World 144-145). This computer, called Multivac, controlled humans by telling the authorities about who was going to commit a crime causing someone to be imprisoned until the danger has passed. It was the computer that made the decision of someone's freedom or imprisonment and that controlled others to arrest a person it suspected of committing a crime controlling his/her destiny. The decision of imprisoning someone for a crime a person did not commit was all in the hands of a computer. It was the computer that controlled humans and their destiny and controlling other humans who believed in everything that computer told them. Multivac could not only predict the future but it also could answer many questions that would normally embarrass people if they would have to ask someone else about it. Multivac could access its vast database of trillions of pieces of knowledge and find the best solution for one's problem (All The Troubles of The World 153). All the people believed that Multivac knows the best and allowed a computer to control their lives by following the solutions Multivac had given them (All the Troubles

Luxury and Ethics

Luxury and Ethics Ethics is a philosophical concept that describes what is good or evil with reference to ascribed standards of action (Mackenzie, 2008). Being ethical is perceived differently by different people. For some people, it means great concern for the environment while for others it is great concern for both workers and the society.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Luxury and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For purposes of this paper, being ethical means great concern for the environment, the society, workers and consumers at large. In fashion industry, ‘ethical fashion’ reflects concerns in different areas including workers’ rights, trading relationships, production and processing practices, transportation of products, and social and environmental effects (Labor Behind the Label, n.d). When it comes to luxury fashion, there is a dilemma as to luxury and sustainability. While ethics dictat e luxury brands to be environmental friendly, luxury dictates that luxury brands reflect the highest quality and creativity ever and should not be restricted in any way. This thus leads to the question, is being ethical crucial for the survival of luxury fashion brands in the market? Today’s marketplace has become more challenging as consumers are increasingly becoming aware of ethical codes of conduct and practices. In the marketplace, there is emerging type of consumers who are more concerned about the ethical performance of companies when making their buying decisions. The case is even more serious when it comes to luxury brands. Luxury is never a priority and as more consumers become aware of ethical luxury, it only means that unethical brands might soon be faced out of the market. The luxury fashion market has been dominated by the most prominent and high ranking people in the society for a long time. Such people are well-aware of the prevailing business ethics and can u se their knowledge when making buying decisions. Even though, the luxury market has expanded to accommodate the low-class in the society, ethics remain a necessary tool for fashion brands to survive. Bearing in mind that luxury is not a necessity, consumers are most likely to go for fashion brands that they feel have value for their money and in this case not the monetary value, but the ethical value. Similarly, fashion has the power to evoke change in the society (Chenay, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As Jem Bendell and Antony Kleanthous (2007) states, â€Å"luxury brands have the power to influence consumer aspiration and behavior by editing consumer choices through product design, distribution and marketing; and influencing how, when and for how long consumers use their products† (as cited in Chenay, 2011). In this case, luxury fashion b rands can use ethical practices as a necessary tool to influence consumer buying behaviors. This paper, therefore, seeks to examine the relationship between luxury and ethics. The paper explains the significance of ethics to the survival of luxury brands in the market as presented below. The significance of ethics to marketing of luxury brands Traditionally, fashion industries had little concern for ethics. With globalization taking centre stage, marketing of luxury fashion brands is faced with a number of challenges including counterfeiting, fast fashion, casual consumer, maturing new markets, democratized luxury, and western existentialism (Lode, 2008). At the same time, consumers now use available information to question how production and marketing decisions of various luxury brands affect the social and environmental realms of life. In this regard, luxury fashion brands often face ethical problems while marketing. As disposable income decreases owing to the recent economic rece ssion, consumers are increasingly becoming conscious of their buying behavior. Consumers are now more than ever concerned about the ethical performance of companies while making decisions to support their luxury brands. Besides, the luxury market is dominated by the affluent and global elite who show great concern for social and environmental issues, but at the same time are concerned about the luxury element of individual success in the products they purchase (Lode, 2008). With the increasing demand from ethical consumers, fashion companies are forced to revise their marketing strategies. In order to survive in the current market, fashion industries have to show concern for the environment, professionalism, and the society as well (Lode, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Luxury and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the current economic and environmental crises, sustainability cannot be over looked. Consumers are now more conscious about their consumption habits. Most people only invest in luxury when it becomes a necessity. For this reason, companies dealing in luxury fashion brands must stand out so that their brands are considered. Companies must convince consumers that they offer more than just status. They must make consumers believe that they offer some solution to the current crises. This can only be achieved through ethical practice. When consumers are convinced that a company brand offer solution to their problems, they will not think twice about supporting the same company by purchasing its luxury brands. It is for this reason that Marks and Spencer is currently involved in a  £200 million eco-plan with a vision of becoming carbon neutral by 2012 (Eassey, 2009). The company engages in ethical production practices, which includes fair wages and eco-friendly dyes and eventually offers affordable prices to its target consumers who are the youth. There is a wide spread notion that fashion industry encourages conspicuous consumption when sustainability dictates otherwise. In such a marketplace, companies have to be ethical in order to survive. Unless fashion brands convince consumers that they are playing an active role in environmental conservation through their activities, ethical consumers would never support their luxury brands. This is usually achieved through Fair trade and organic clothing, which most consumers consider environmental friendly. Going green is an ethical strategy that is currently being used by most companies, fashion brands included, to lure ethical consumers into buying their products. Mark and Spencer plan A initiative is a perfect example of how far luxury fashion brands are ready to go in order to survive in the market. Similarly, the UK-based Monkee Genes has managed to be successful in the luxury fashion market simply because of its eco-friendly jeans and products (Just-style.com, 2011). According to previous res earch findings, being ethical is crucial for luxury fashion brands to survive in the current market (Varley, n.d). There have been reported cases where consumers boycott luxury fashion brands on the basis of their ethical performance.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Balenciaga, Gucci, and Yves Saint Laurent, all from PPR SA, are some of the brands that have been faced with boycotts in the recent past for their unethical production practices. Boycotts on these brands were based on the belief that these brands have no respect for animal rights as they predominantly use animal fur in their products. Better still, available data shows that brands have made remarkable sales when consumers perceive them to be ethical (Varley, n.d). According to Co-operative Bank Ethical Consumerism Report 2007, organic and Fair trade cotton increased sales by 79% between 2005 and 2006 while 2006 recorded significant boycotts in ‘low-cost’ clothing (as cited in Labour in the Label, n.d). Luxury fashion brands are expected to cost a premium. If this is not reflected in the prices, then such brands may not attract ethical consumers. Besides, ‘low cost’ is perceived as an indicator of poor production and labor practices hence ethically incorrect . Consumers will always choose to support luxury fashion brands that they trust and share values with even if they cost a premium. If a consumer is more environmental conscience, then he or she would rather support fashion brands that embrace sustainable environmental practices in their production process. Similarly, consumers that are more concerned about business ethics will choose to support luxury fashion brands from companies they consider to have the best business ethics. In an effort to lure ethical consumers to their products, fashion brands are currently taking a notch higher with their ethical practices. For instance, Ermernegildo Zegna has embraced environmental sustainability it its â€Å"Solar jacket† brand that is able to charge handheld electric devices. Similarly, Stella McCartney has embraced eco-design in her shoes which has biodegradable rubber soles. Such initiatives have made their brands attractive to environmental friendly consumers. Furthermore, the cu rrent luxury market has become accessible to many fashion brands hence making it too competitive for a brand to survive on the basis of exclusivity. With many competitors in the market, fashion brands have to work out marketing strategies that will make them stand out as the finest in the market. With the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) gaining momentum, that much needed added value could come from â€Å"deeper brand values and more sustainable business practices† (Lode, p.13). In other words, it is high time luxury brands consider ethics as a luxury attribute in order to survive in the current market where the population of ethical consumers is rising by each passing day. Consumers will be more than willing to stand by those brands, which show concern for the environment, the society, and embrace acceptable labor practices. Corporate Social responsibility is now the norm of the day hence there is no way a luxury brand would expect to survive in the market if it does not reflect this in its operation. In this regard, the US-based Toms Shoes has managed to curve out a niche in the market through their social responsibility marketing strategy. Known for trendy sneaker-style shoes, Toms Shoes is involved in a youth movement initiative whereby for every pair of shoes bought, they give a pair to a needy child (just-style.com, 2011). This has made it attractive to consumers who value philanthropist initiatives. Luxury is often associated with elitism, prestige, and premium (Chenay, 2011). This is an important ethical issue that cannot be underrated when marketing luxury fashion brands. Both the company and its products must be a reflection of luxury based on the premise, ‘nothing except the finest’ (Chenay, 2011). This should be reflected in the company’s practices across its chains. Unless, consumers are made to believe that the brands are the finest in the market, they would not choose those brands over the others availa ble in the market. The company must strive to be reputable in terms of its production practices and employment as well as its marketing approach. As the say goes, â€Å"survival is for the fittest.† For a luxury fashion brand to survive in the current market, it must have all aspects of ethics. For instance, a company may be environmental conscience and have good employments practices, but produces counterfeit fashion brands. Such brands can never survive in the current market where consumers are well aware of patent property rights. Similarly, a company that offers low prices for its luxury fashion brands may be perceived to be having poor production practices that translate into low prices hence may as well not survive in the current luxury market. However, with the current economic crisis, ‘low cost’ fashion brands may still survive in the market so long as consumers perceive them to be the ‘finest’ in the market. In order to attract ethical consu mers, companies will thus have to convince consumers that their low prices are in the benefit of consumers and that their practices are ethically right. Unless this is achieved, it will not be easy for a ‘low cost’ luxury fashion brand to survive in the market. Conclusion This paper has managed to address the role played by ethics in marketing of luxury fashion brands. From the discussion above, ethics is a must have tool for luxury fashion brands to survive in the current and the future market. The future market even poses more challenge as consumers are increasingly becoming aware of ethical consumption and ethical campaigns taking centre stage. It will take more than just being the finest for luxury fashion brands to survive in the market. It is, therefore, the responsibility of luxury brands to revise their production and operation strategies so that consumers perceive their performance as being ethical. Some luxury fashion brands have made recommendable efforts in this area, but the fashion industry still has to do more to convince consumers that they offer ethical value for their money. References Chenay, N., 2011. Ethical luxury. Excerpt from MA design Research. Web. Eassey, M., 2009. Fashion marketing, 3rd ed. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Just-style.com, 2011. Just-style management briefing: Eco-fashion retailers walk a fine line. Web. Labour in the Label. Ethical consumerism. An ethical industry discussion paper. Labour in the Label. Web. Lode, S. B., 2008. The development of luxury fashion attributes: from class to mass to†¦ sustainable luxury?  Papers by Silje. Web. Mackenzie, J., 2008. A manual of ethics. London: Read Books. Varley, R. Ethical issues in fashion and marketing. Excerpt from Parker, L., and Dickson, M.A. Sustainable Fashion: A handbook for educators. UK: Labour Behind the Label.

What Is (and Isnt) on the AP Statistics Formula Sheet

What Is (and Isn't) on the AP Statistics Formula Sheet SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're going to be taking the AP Statistics exam, you're in luck! During the test, you'll have access to a formula sheet that has many useful equations. However, you need to know exactly what's on the AP Statistics formula sheet and how to use it before test day in order for it to be helpful. In this guide, we go over everything you need to know about the AP Stats formula sheet. We'll explain the exact equations that it includes, show you what the formula sheet looks like, go over a few important equations it doesn't contain, and give you tips on how to get the most out of it. What's on the AP Statistics Formula Sheet? The AP Stats formula sheet is actually three pages of statistics formulas that you'll be given on test day. The formulas will be at the beginning of both the multiple-choice and free-response sections of the test, so you'll have access to them for the entire AP exam. That's great because that means you don't need to memorize any of these formulas! What's on this AP statistics cheat sheet? You can see exactly what the formula sheet will look like here as well as below. The formula sheet has three sections, and each section takes up one page. Below are screenshots of the formula sheet, along with a list of the equations it includes (ordered from the top of the sheet to the bottom of the last page). Descriptive Statistics Formulas Sample mean Sample standard deviation Pooled sample standard error Simple linear regression line Regression coefficient Regression slope intercept Sample correlation coefficient Regression coefficient Standard error of regression slope Probability Formulas Rule of addition Rule of multiplication Expected value of $X$ Variance of $X$ Binomial formula Mean of binomial distribution Standard deviation of binomial distribution Mean of sampling distribution of the proportion Standard deviation of sampling distribution of the proportion Mean of sampling distribution of the mean Standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean Inferential Statistics Formulas Standardized test statistic Confidence interval Standard deviation of sample mean Standard deviation of proportion Standard deviation of difference of sample means Standard deviation of difference of sample proportions Chi-square test statistic What Isn't on the AP Statistics Reference Sheet That You Should Know? The AP Statistics formula sheet contains pretty much all the equations you need to know for the exam, but there are some equations they've left out that may come in handy on test day. Below are the most important of these. Be sure to memorize them because they won't be listed on the AP Stats formula sheet! Descriptive Statistics Interquartile Range The interquartile range, or IQR, is the middle 50% of values when ordered from lowest to highest. The IQR is the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles, or the first quartile subtracted from the third quartile. The IQR is used to show dispersion, and it can be a useful way to describe the data in boxplots, histograms, scatterplots, etc. The equation is IQR = Q3-Q1 You can also use IQR to determine if an outlier exists. A commonly used formula is if a data point is more than $\bo 1.5*$IQR above Q3 or below Q1, then it's an outlier. Residuals The residual (e) is the difference between the observed value of the dependent variable ($y$) and the predicted value ($Ã… ·$). It's used in regression analysis. Each data point has one residual. The formula looks like this: $\bi e \bo= \bi y \bo - \bi Ã… ·$ Both the sum of the residuals and the mean of the residuals are equal to zero, or $ÃŽ £ e = 0$ and $e = 0$. Probability Bayes' Theorem Bayes' theorem is useful for calculating conditional probabilities. You'll use conditional probability when trying to find the probability of an event given that another event has already occurred. Conditional probability questions usually follow a format similar to "Given $x$, what is the probability that $y$ occurs?" Use Bayes' theorem to solve them. Bayes' Theorem: $P(A | B) = {P(B | A) * P(A)}/{P(B)}$ Tips for Getting the Most out of the AP Stats Formula Sheet As you can see, the AP Statistics formula sheet can be very useful during the exam since it helps you avoid memorizing long lists of equations. There are some tips to getting the most out of it though, and we go over the three most important in this section. #1: Know How to Use the Formulas It seems like obvious advice, but it's very easy to take a glance at the AP Statistics cheat sheet and move on, knowing you'll have it with you on the test. However, test day is not when you want to be trying to understand what the different formulas mean or how to use them. If you go into the AP exam not sure of what's on the formula sheet, you'll lose tons of valuable time searching for the right equations and struggling with how to use them properly. Well before exam day, be sure to go through every formula on the sheet and make sure you understand it and know how to use it. The College Board includes each of these formulas because they think they're necessary for doing well on the AP Statistics exam, so you should trust them and make sure you know them! If you're not sure how to use some of the equations, here's a helpful site that goes over what each of the formulas is used for. #2: Know Calculator Shortcuts You're allowed a graphing calculator for the entire exam, and you should take advantage of some of the nifty things it does. Calculator shortcuts can save you precious time on the test by quickly solving certain AP Statistics equations and finding pieces of data. They also give you a way to check your work for some problems. Stanford has a handy list of calculator shortcuts you can use with your graphing calculator. There are two caveats though. First, don't become so dependent on your calculator that you forget how to solve the equations on your own or the logic behind them. Second, you should use calculator shortcuts primarily for the multiple-choice section of the test, where you just have to select the correct answer choice. For the free-response section of the exam, you'll need to show all the work you did for each question, and simply writing which shortcut you plugged into your calculator won't cut it. Use the shortcuts primarily to check your work on free response. #3: Take Practice Tests With the Formula Sheet Answering practice questions and taking practice tests using the AP Statistics formula sheet is also key to doing well on the exam. You should take several practice AP tests before the actual exam, and for each of them you should use the official AP Statistics formula sheet. Your teacher will also likely give you a copy of the formula sheet for your in-class exams, so you can get some practice in there too. If you need help finding practice tests, check out our guide specifically on where to find the best AP Statistics practice questions and tests. Summary: Using the AP Statistics Formula Sheet The AP Statistics reference sheet can be a big help during the exam, but only if you already know what's on it and how to use it. The formula sheet is actually three pages that contain useful equations in descriptive statistics, probability, and inferential statistics. While this AP Statistics cheat sheet doesn't contain everything you need to know, it does include many key AP Statistics equations that you'll need to use on the test. In order to get the most out of your AP Stats formula sheet, make sure you know all the formulas, pick up some useful calculator shortcuts, and be sure to take some practice tests with the AP Statistics reference sheet. What's Next? Looking for more AP Statistics prep? Check out our ultimate guide to the AP Statistics exam to learn everything you need to know to ace the test. How's your grasp on calculating significance? Brush up on your t-tests and how to calculate statistical significance here. Practice tests are key to preparing for AP Statistics. Our guide has links to all the best AP Stats practice tests so you can put your formula sheet to use! How many AP classes should you take? Get your answer based on your interests and your college goals. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Difficulties in cross cultural communication Case Study

Difficulties in cross cultural communication - Case Study Example 2001). As such, this paper is mainly concerned with analysing a case study that is related to difficulties experienced in a situation that deals with cross cultural communication. The paper starts by analysing the case and this will be followed by problem identification and presentation. The main part of the paper will analyse the measures that can be implemented in order to deal with the problem in an amicable way that is not likely to create more problems. A summary of the major points discussed will be drawn at the end of the paper. Case analysis Leary is the manager of a thriving financial company, Merrill Lynch, and she uses people oriented strategies to manage the company. She prefers to engage the employees in their work so as to try to get the best out of them. She also closely monitors the performance of the employees so as to be in a position to effectively manage them so that the goals of the organization can be achieved. There are about 45 financial consultants who carry out the work in the company. Of notable concern is the fact that the company has an employee, Ted Chung whose primary origin is Taiwan. Chung is specifically meant to target Taiwanese people since this segment is comprised of affluent people who can bring meaningful business to the company. Indeed, Chung brought a whopping account worth $6 million, one of the highest in the history of the company. Chung states that he has to use the Taiwanese tradition in order to attract these targeted people and there is no other financial consultant with the exquisite skills to perform this particular task. Problem identification For quite some time, Leary has noticed certain behaviour in Chung which she thinks is a cause for concern. For instance, Chung is a self centred person and he does not like to interact with others. He does not want to share his things with others and he is also short tempered. All these factors worry Leary. The other problem is that Chung has requested a private office b ut regardless of the fact that he brought one of the largest accounts to the company and he is performing well, he is still too junior to get a private office. Of the 45 financial consultants, only eight have private offices. Therefore, the problem in this case is twofold: if Leary gives in and try to appease Chung, this is likely to attract the wrath of other senior financial consultants who can also demand the same favour. This will certainly impact on the morale of other employees as well as their performance. It can also be seen that the problem is culture based. By virtue of being Taiwanese, Chung thinks that he deserves special treatment since he is dealing with a niche group of customers that has potential to bring a lot of business to the company. As such, a holistic approach ought to be taken when dealing with this case since it can negatively affect the whole organization if care is not taken. Measures that can be taken to resolve the problem identified According to Korac- Kakabadse et al (2001), the difficulties that arise in cross-cultural face-to-face encounters may be addressed with a better understanding of communication styles utilised by different cultures. In this case, it is imperative for Leary to understand the culture of Chung before taking a decisive step. People who come from different cultural backgrounds have different communication skills and this fact impacts on the way they interact with others. It can be noted that Chung is a sort of withdrawn person but this may not be his fault as may be thought by other people within the company. A closer reading of the case study shows that

VAGINITIS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

VAGINITIS - Assignment Example However, the majority of the people do not develop the symptoms of the condition. Moreover, the infection is most likely to be found in women as compared to men. At the same time, older women are most likely to be infected as compared to younger women (CDC, 2015). The infection occurs through sex. In women, the infection occurs in the lower genital tract while in men infection occurs in the urethra (CDC, 2015). Infection is not likely to occur in other body parts. There are various symptoms of the disease in men and women, but various factors such as age influence presentation of symptoms. The paper will discuss the presentation, characteristics, and a treatment plan for Trichomonas diagnoses of vaginitis. There will also be a review of diagnostic tests before the treatment plan as well as educating patient taking into consideration the health disparities that may affect treatment. The disease presents with various signs and symptoms in men and women. The challenge is that the majority of infected men and women will show no signs and symptoms. The signs are usually evident in four weeks after coming in contact with the parasite (Family Planning Association (FPA), 2015). There are various signs or symptoms in women. The first thing to note in women is soreness, swelling, and itching in areas around the vagina (FPA, 2015). This has significantly been associated with challenges that occur when one is having sex. Secondly, there is a change in the discharge coming out of the vagina. One may have increased discharge that has an unpleasant smell and may be thick or thin will some yellow coloration (FPA, 2015). The condition is also associated with pain when urinating in women. In men, there is discharge from the penis and may be thin and whitish (FPA, 2015). At the same time, the affected person may experience pain while passing out urine. The other sign although no t extensive in men is swelling

The Manifestations of Chivalry in the Past and Present Society Essay Example for Free

The Manifestations of Chivalry in the Past and Present Society Essay Andreas Capellanus, in his work The Art of Courtly Love, specifies the rules required in courtly practice. One of the rules specifies the importance of an individual’s possession of ‘good character. ’ He states, â€Å"Good character is the one real requirement for worthiness of love† (Capellanus 115). Within Capellanus’ text, a manifestation of an individual’s possession of good character, specifically a male individual’s character, is his practice of chivalry. The Knights Code of Chivalry was thereby a moral system which went beyond rules of combat and introduced the concept of Chivalrous conduct qualities idealized by knighthood, such as bravery, courtesy, honor, and gallantry toward women. The ideals described in the Code of Chivalry were emphasized by the oaths and vows that were sworn in the Knighthood ceremonies of the Middle Ages. These sacred oaths of combat were combined with the ideals of chivalry and with strict rules of etiquette and conduct. Chivalric practice thereby entails ‘the observation of elaborate precepts and formalities which serve to define aristocratic life in the heroism and probity of the past’ (Capellanus 116). An example of the workings of chivalric practice in the attainment of love is evident in Geoffrey of Monmouth’s account of King Arthur’s actions and decisions during his lifetime. Geoffrey of Monmouth, in his book The History of the Kings of Britain, describes Arthur to be an individual of â€Å"outstanding courage and generosity (whose) inborn goodness gave him such grace that he was loved by almost all the people† (212). He states that King Arthur â€Å"developed such a code of courtliness in his household that†¦inspired peoples living far away to imitate him† (222). This code of courtliness which spread throughout the regions that reached Arthur’s conquests were based on the fundamentals of chivalry which required an individual’s display of strength, wealth and power. In the case of Arthur, the display of his strength was evident from his initial enthronement at Silchester where he was enthroned by ‘a vast multitude’ of individuals who admired and revered him for his courage (Geoffrey 212-213). This was also evident when he fought and defeated â€Å"a numberless horde† as he conquered the kingdom of Ireland (Geoffrey 221-222). The display of his wealth and power, on the other hand, is evident as his counsel was sought by the different individuals from other kingdoms (Geoffrey 222-223). It is interesting to note that there are certain aspects of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s account which leads to the conception of King Arthur as a demi-god. An example of this can be seen in his description of King Arthur’s sole defeat of the ‘numberless horde’ of Irishmen. It is important to note that the ideals of chivalry were initially relevant to society in the Middle Ages because these knights upheld a standard of living which elevated society. The influential role the knights held during the Middle Ages was not achieved by chance; but by education, faith, and by strictly following the rules of chivalry. In the later period of the Middle Ages, the depiction of chivalry as a noble characteristic became necessary however since the late Middle Ages was characterized by the nobility’s slow decline in their possession of political power in the state. By creating and perceiving previous noble individuals in a chivalric manner, the members of aristocratic families thereby enabled the continuance of their power within the eyes of the commoners. The use of chivalric tales as well as chivalric practices in order to achieve the public’s awe is still prevalent in today’s society as can be seen in the portrayal of actors in chivalric ways. Consider for example the case of Tom Cruise who is portrayed as a chivalric hero in his movies. This image is continually applied to Cruise even in his ‘real’ life. As a result of this, some individuals chose to act or imitate Cruise’s behaviors and style. The problem with the manifestations and the use of chivalry in today’s society is thereby evident if one considers that as opposed to maintaining political power during the Middle Ages, chivalry is now used in line with the commodification of an individual’s desires and actions. For example, if one wishes to act and look like Cruise, it is necessary to watch his movies as well as buy the different magazines which presents a detailed account of his life as well as the life of his family. This conception of chivalry in today’s society merely shows how the market dictates and determines the lives of its consumers. Other manifestations of chivalry in today’s society are closely related to etiquette and how a man treats a woman. Refraining from foul language, opening the door for a lady, and even killing a spider can be considered chivalrous acts. As society changes it incorporate concepts such as chivalry into individual’s lives. Chivalry still exists in today’s society however its manifestations have changed if one compares it to the practice of chivalry in the past which merely shows that although social development enables the continuance of social practices, it does so in such a way that these practices become a far-cry from its original practice in the past. Works Cited Capellanus, Andreas. The Art of Courtly Love. Trans. Jan Ziolkowski. Columbia: Columbia UP, 2007. Geoffrey of Monmouth. The History of the Kings of Britain. Trans. Lewis Thorpe. London: Penguin Classics, 1966.

What Has Lead Avian Influenza to Affect Humans :: Bird Flu Influenza Disease H5N1

What Has Lead Avian Influenza to Affect Humans Avian Influenza is a negative stranded virus that has many different strands. The virus first jumped the species barrio in 1997 when a human was infected from poultry. Because of the variation in human and animal species and their genetic makeup, the H5N1 strand which was transferred to humans served no threat to the poultry but was deadly to humans. Although there are no vaccines present there are antiviral medications like Tami flu that are produced by Gilead Sciences. The H5N1 strand of Avian Influenza is transferred through Aerosols, if a patient is seen within forty eight hours of the first symptoms there is and antiviral medication which may help decrease the symptoms. The main question that is lingering in society is, â€Å"Today’s Epidemic or Tomorrows Pandemic?† At this monment it is not officially a pandemic but the outbreaks hint that it may soon become one. A Pandemic and Epidemic are very different things. An Epidemic is a variation of a disease or virus that is spread rapidly through a secluded area and affects its inhabitant; while on the other hand a Pandemic is a disease or virus that spreads rapidly through a large geographic area and affects much of its population. Both Pandemics and Epidemics affect people of all ages, ethnicities, cultures and religions. There is no one who is immune to any disease or virus and its effects. In the late 1900’s there has been a lingering concern of a pandemic outbreak of the virus that causes Avian Influenza. The virus is rumored to affect people like HIV/AIDS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and even serve as a Bioterrorism threat. The virus originated in the Eastern area and has many different forms and strands. At this moment there are vaccines which help prevent and control the spread of the virus, if the virus is not contained there may be many consequences and repercussions . AVIAN INFLUENZA 2 Avian influenza is a virus that first passed the species to barrier in 1997, it jumped from animals to humans. It was known to be in bird species hundreds of years ago; finally it crossed the species barrier in Hong Kong for the first time. There are many different strains of the virus; some of the strains affect humans while other strains of the virus don’t affect humans at all. There are three categories of the virus but every category contains negatively stranded DNA and RNA.

Implementation Plan Essay

How ethical are you? Do you consider cheating on your taxes ethical? Are your ethics situational? Are you demonstrating ethics by deciding to do the right or the thing that will make you acceptable to the group or your subordinates? Unethical behavior is thriving well in our country. There are business executives with their perceptions of ethical leadership and its development researched by Catherine Marsh, in our work place there are leaders who are attempting to eliminate bullying through the examination of The Role of Ethical Leadership and its Effects on the Work Environment. The authors who researched information on bullying in the work environment were, Stouten, J. Baillien, E, Van den Broeck, A, Camps, J. De Witte, H. and Euwema, M. in 2011. Thirdly, we have authors; Michele K. Kacmar, Daniel G. Bachrach, Kenneth J. Harris, and Suzanne Zivnuska through their research tested the relationship between ethical leaders in regards to gender in the article Fostering good citizenship through ethical leadership: Exploring the moderating role of gender and organizational politics. Comparatively, the three articles similarity is the examination of ethics within the roles of leadership. Their examinations are inclusive of ethics in the work environment, business executives and their perception of ethical leadership and fostering good citizenship among the genders and organizational politics. Article one is qualitative researched based, article two is qualitative in regard to the workload and quantitative in regards to poor working conditions and article three, mixed-method of research. Research Question(s) The questions posed by the authors were for those that consider themselves ethical leaders what aspects did the value, how does one experiences determine how ethical a leader they are/ Are there significant strategies that ethical leaders could use to eliminate and /discourage bullying? How does the role of gender foster good citizenship through ethical leadership? (Marsh, 2013) The limitations of the studies were similar in their restrictive sampling of data. The participant in article was selected based on recommendations. The author stated that business leaders in which was believed to be ethical were contacted. This study gave the business executives an opportunity to share their personal stories and come to a clear understanding of their ethical leadership skills. Authors’ findings provided evidence that leaders can be an example to followers and model ethical behavior so that workers will be less inclined to be a target of bullying. An understanding was gained by the sample used of supervisors and employees working together daily. In conclusion the three articles examined leadership ethics using different variables. Article one was a qualitative study that examined the perception of how ethical leaders perceived themselves. Each executive shared personal stories from the personal experiences that designed the ethical framework. Article two examined bullying and the impact of ethical leadership and the ability of ethical leaders to curtail or eliminate bullying in the workplace. Article three examined the gender and political organization and how good citizenship could be fostered through ethical leadership.

Social Attitudes towards Transport

Traffic police have a selected amount of land to cover throughout the region. Their role is to Provide an emergency response, Reduce road collision casualties, Minimise disruption to the free flow of traffic, provide any possible assistance and reassurance to road users, Provide specialist support services to the force and Ensure that the division makes the most efficient use of all its resources. In all the traffic cars the patrol cars have been fitted with specially designed suspension and brakes to cope with the extra load and the varied and demanding conditions they are exposed to. Motorcycle officers also have a specialist role in the policing of major public events, such as football matches, and providing a police escort for VIPs. They co-ordinate roadwork's, speeding complaints and monitor local collision trends. Rapid Response Ambulance Rapid response ambulance is specified to attend emergency incidents, ideally within eight minutes of notification. The Trophy Yellow estate cars, with green reflective Battenburg livery, incident equipment carried on the vehicles includes; oxygen therapy, cardiac defibrillators, entonox, maternity and paediatric pack, burns bag, cervical collars, splints and first aid bag. Plans for major incidents, site maps, body bags, triage cards and contacts for agencies and hospitals are also carried. Additional special items include the light roof bar, radio communications and a reverse-decal ‘Ambulance' livery on the bonnet and ‘RESPONDER' on its tailgate. These cars aren't stationed at the hospital; they are located in areas close to the region boarders making their response time a lot quicker. Their role is to attend emergencies, be first on the scene and aid injured people. Both services are required to attend incidents within a short period of time. To be able to make these deadlines, they are both authorized to use their sirens and lights to make other road users aware that they are responding to an emergency. In many cases both rapid responses are linked together. If theirs an RTA the rapid response would be first on scene that would then get the ambulance service called out if anyone is injured. The rapid response ambulance may take that call if it's within their area, which would attend and wait for ambulance to attend from the hospital to take casualties to hospital. Criminals target vehicles, New cars are automatically fitted with some sort of device attached immobiliser, tracker or alarm. The ideas of these security devices are outlined beneath. Immobilising system, which is automatically activated when the ignition key is removed. The way it works is the device transmits a radio-frequency signal every time the engine is started, sending a different password to the system. Insuring the car cannot be started any other way without the key. Electronic engine immobilisers prevent your car from starting and are the best way to stop thieves. Car alarms can deter thieves from not only stealing your car, but also taking items from it. Older cars are criminals prime targets due to the lack of security protection fitted to them. Steering wheel locks are a cheaper alternative to engine immobilisers use them every time you leave your car. Locking wheel nuts easy to fit and stop thieves from taking your wheels. Have your car registration number or the last seven digits of your Vehicle Identification Number etched onto all windows, both windscreens and your headlamps. Mark all your car equipment, like your car stereo, with your vehicle registration number. Having any of these security measures reduces the attractiveness of the car to thefts. Analysis of driver's attitude whilst travelling on the roads. Due to no one having the same characteristic everyone is different, with his or her own style of driving technique. With this in mind people tend to act differently on the roads. Road rage is the biggest form of driver's attitude on the roads and they aren't necessarily the person behind the wheel either. People speeding, acting irresponsible and general behaviour of others on the roads can cause road rage. Older citizens push the blame onto younger citizens for the way that they drive, younger citizens reverse the blame. There are business people who due to road rage drive more dangerously and faster blaming traffic and deadlines as their excuse. Parents who want to pick children up, but cant park near schools due to heavy congestion around the school. There are people who drive for living truck drivers, van drivers and public transport drivers who are consistently on the roads, that travel through all the peak times of the days. There are the rush hour periods during the day that make everyone less tolerable to waiting calmly. Speeding is mostly influenced by other people speeding, thinking if they can break the limit then so can they, which causes many other problems on the roads. After researching speeding I found that in Northampton there was a work shop for people who had broken the speed limit, where people can analysis there own behaviour on the roads. After the workshop results showed that: 92 per cent of respondents who had been on a Speed Workshop said that they were now more likely to keep to the speed limit. Of those who had received a speeding ticket, but hadn't been on a Speed Workshop, 53 per cent of respondents said that it was not acceptable to exceed the speed limit. After the Workshop, this increased to 78 per cent. http://www.norpol.com/safetycamera/newsstart.htm Drink driving in England is unacceptable especially around the Christmas period where more than the average drink. The UK legal limit for drivers is 80 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood but there is no failsafe guide to the amount of alcohol that a driver can safely consume. The amount and type of alcoholic drink, the weight, sex and metabolism of the driver all play a part. But any amount of alcohol affects driving ability. A motorist's ability to judge speed and distance may be impaired, their reaction times may be slowed and their judgement of risk seriously affected. Advice from the drink-driving site has given this structure for drinking: Immediately before driving: – Men should consume no more than 4 units, women no more than 3 When drinking the night before driving: – Men should consume no more than 10 units, women no more than 7. (This assumes that no alcohol is consumed after 11.30 pm, and that driving does not take place before 8 am the following morning) Cambridge county council have published that in the last three years there have been 324 drink drive accidents involving death and injury. Drink driving may cause the driver not able to judge the speed and distance accurately; the driver may become more overconfident whilst driving endangering other road users. With all these people on the roads, there is no wonder so many people are involved in accidents. Accidents can also be caused by people's personal preferences. A driver may like to drive slower than the person in the car behind due to not feeling confident on the roads or just being cautious. Many drivers on the road don't have enough breaks during travelling that could make the driver tired, irritable and likely to become a danger to themselves and others. Business people travelling in their own car are likely to have mobiles in use, without hands free or microphone the drive by law has to stop where safe and answer the call. As this is unlikely event to happen most people fit attachments in the car to prevent committing an offence. Parents with children should to prevent the driver being distracted, entertain children with some sort of music or equipment that will entertain the children while in their baby seats or whilst they are belted up in the back seats. Using this sort of attitude whilst making a journey will decrease the chance of a common traffic offence and in case of an accident reduce the chance of critical accident. (Ref 1) (Ref 2) (Ref 1) Poster on tiredness – I did a surveyed on ten people asking what they do during long journeys, five people said they don't stop but tend to differ the speed, play music and have sweets in the car. Two people said that they stop every two hours at a pre-selected break while the other three said that it depends on the weather and whether they know where they are going. After showing the poster to the five that don't stop, the drivers have changed their opinion and have agreed to wither stop for a stretch, swap drivers if able to and plan their journey that stop every hour to two hours. (Ref 2) Poster on mobile phones – whilst driving, proves that people aren't multi-skilled that means driving and using a mobile will divide there attention running higher risk of an accident. Surveying the same ten people that I did for the tiredness poster, I asked how many have their mobiles switched on and how they would deal with the driving if they're mobile started ringing. Three people said that they don't have their phone on at all through journeys. Two people said that due to the nature of the business that they have hands free kits and one person said that their company installed a microphone set to avoid missing calls whilst on the road. Four people said that they would only use there mobile whilst sitting in traffic or when they are driving on roads that wont cause the driver distraction. After showing the poster and asking them to read it out, they found it very hard and took a few seconds to work out that the transcript was engaging two different statements. After this experiment, all of the drivers that I surveyed that said that they would at least get some equipment installed in their car to avoid causing accident. Even using hand free kits and microphones aren't advised, but they aren't against the law and they have reduced the amount of accidents. Not everyone can avoid using their mobile whilst travelling due to their job but this does reduce the amount of accidents for the time being.

Carta de invitación para sacar la visa de turista EE.UU

Carta de invitacià ³n para sacar la visa de turista EE.UU Las cartas de invitacià ³n se utilizan frecuentemente como parte de la documentacià ³n que se entrega a una embajada o consulado americano cuando se solicita una visa de turista para Estados Unidos. No es un documento necesario, pero sà ­ que es  frecuente  porque puede ayudar a que el oficial consular se decida aprobar la visa que se solicita. Pero es importante entender que, por sà ­ sola, la carta de invitacià ³n no es suficiente para obtener la visa, sino que es un elemento ms a tener en cuenta y para inclinar la balanza a favor del solicitante.   Asimismo, si no se presenta una carta de invitacià ³n eso no quiere decir que la visa no pueda obtenerse. En otras palabras, es un documento de presentacià ³n voluntaria que puede ayudar a obtener la visa. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre quià ©nes pueden escribir la carta de invitacià ³n, quià ©n es el destinatario de la misma, cul es el formato adecuado y quà © documentos adicionales se pueden incluir en apoyo de la veracidad de la carta. Quià ©nes pueden escribir la carta de invitacià ³n para sacar la visa de turista La carta de invitacià ³n no la escribe la persona que solicita la visa, sino otra distinta que es a quien se va a visitar en Estados Unidos. En este punto, es fundamental el estatus migratorio de dicha persona en Estados Unidos ya que determina si tiene capacidad para redactar este tipo de documento. Pueden hacerlo las siguientes personas: En primer lugar, los ciudadanos americanos, que debern acreditar tal situacià ³n mediante documentos como copia del pasaporte americano o del certificado de nacimiento en Estados Unidos. En realidad, cualquier documento oficial que pruebe su condicià ³n de estadounidenses. En segundo lugar, los residentes permanentes legales. En este caso, debern incluir con la carta una fotocopia legible por los dos lados  de su tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card. Y, en tercer lugar, pueden redactar la carta de invitacià ³n los extranjeros que se encuentran legalmente en Estados Unidos  porque tienen una visa vigente. En este caso  debern adjuntar a la carta de invitacià ³n su certificado original de nacimiento, fotocopia de todas las hojas de su pasaporte y, si su visa estuviera en otro ya expirado, tambià ©n incluir copias de à ©ste. Si la visa est expirada pero se ha pedido su renovacià ³n, una copia de dicha peticià ³n. Adems de esos documentos los extranjeros con visas L1 de transfer entre sedes de una misma empresa  o H1  para profesionales debern incluir su à ºltimo I-797, una carta que reciben del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Por otro lado,  los migrantes que està ©n en situacià ³n de ajuste de estatus pendiente  se recomienda que envà ­en junto a la carta de invitacià ³n una copia del documento que pruebe tal situacià ³n, como por ejemplo el permiso de trabajo, conocida en inglà ©s como  EAD card. Por à ºltimo, tener en consideracià ³n que si la invitacià ³n se hace a favor de un familiar por razà ³n de matrimonio, como por ejemplo un suegro o un cuà ±ado, deber acompaà ±arse la carta de invitacià ³n con una fotocopia del certificado de boda de la persona que invita y fotocopia del pasaporte de su marido o de su mujer. Por ejemplo, si un ciudadano americano est casado con una mexicana y quiere invitar a su suegra a que les visite en EEUU con ocasià ³n del bautizo de su hijo deber incluir no sà ³lo prueba de su ciudadanà ­a estadounidense, sino tambià ©n de estar casado con su esposa mexicana y copia del pasaporte de à ©sta. Finalmente, los migrantes indocumentados no deben  escribir una carta de invitacià ³n. No facilitarà ­a la solicitud de visa del solicitante y, por otro lado, servirà ­a para revelar la situacià ³n de indocumentado de dicho migrante y datos importantes como, por ejemplo, dà ³nde vive. Adems, si una persona invita a sus padres a visitar Estados Unidos y esos padres tienen ms hijos en ese paà ­s, deber tambià ©n acreditarse el estatus legal de todos los hijos que viven en el paà ­s y no sà ³lo el del hijo que extiende la invitacià ³n. Destinatario de la carta de invitacià ³n para sacar la visa de turista La carta se envà ­a a la persona que se desea invitar y  no al consulado  o embajada que debe tramitar el visado. Este punto da lugar a mucha confusià ³n ya que es comà ºn creer que el consulado es el destinatario de esta carta. Sin embargo, esa creencia es equivocada. En todos los casos, la persona que invita debe enviar la carta a la persona invitada. Formato de la carta de invitacià ³n para la visa de turista para EE.UU. No hay una forma determinada que diga expresamente cà ³mo tiene que ser la carta. Es decir, cada persona puede escribir lo que quiera, pero utilizando un lenguaje formal, respetuoso y claro. Adems, deberà ­a seguir las siguientes pautas: Estar escrita en inglà ©s.  Incluir la fecha en la que se escribeNo olvidarse de firmarIdentificar expresamente  a la persona que se quiere invitar. Por ejemplo, si son padre e hijo, hermanos o simplemente amigos.Redactarla en una computadora e imprimir el documento. Documentacià ³n adicional que deberà ­a aà ±adirse a la carta de   invitacià ³n Se recomienda enviar documentacià ³n que pruebe la capacidad econà ³mica de la persona que invita a un extranjero a visitar EEUU y puede ser uno o varios de los documentos siguientes: Copia de la declaracià ³n de impuestos federales de los à ºltimos tres aà ±os. Si no se tienen tantos aà ±os declarados, los que se tengan. Y tambià ©n copias de los W2. Si se es empresario por cuenta propia, enviar prueba de tal situacià ³n y cuentas bancarias corporativas. Tambià ©n serà ­a apropiado enviar una copia de los extractos bancarios de al menos los à ºltimos seis meses. Deben demostrar cierta fortaleza econà ³mica. Otra opcià ³n es incluir una carta en papel oficial de la empresa que emplee a la persona que hace la invitacià ³n y que identifique al empleado, desde cundo trabaja allà ­, cul es su salario y si su contrato es temporal o no. Finalmente, tambià ©n es vlido una carta del banco en papel oficial en el que se diga cundo la persona que redacta la carta de invitacià ³n abrià ³ la cuenta en una de sus oficinas, cunto dinero se deposità ³ el aà ±o anterior y el saldo en el momento actual. Ejemplos de cartas de invitacià ³n Aquà ­ se puede consultar  ejemplos de cartas de invitacià ³n. Estn en inglà ©s porque es el idioma en el que deben escribirse.   Consejos migratorios para turistas en Estados Unidos No todos los extranjeros necesitan sacar una visa de turista para ingresar a Estados Unidos. Y es que los ciudadanos de los paà ­ses acogidos al Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas  pueden ingresar solicitando una Autorizacià ³n Electrà ³nica conocida como ESTA si llegan al paà ­s por avià ³n o llenando el formulario I-94 si llegan por barco o se presentan en una frontera terrestre. Como no necesitan visa, tampoco precisan de una carta de invitacià ³n. Por à ºltimo, destacar que las visas de turista se pueden negar por muchas causas, pero que pueden resumirse en dos grandes categorà ­as: por ser inadmisible para ingresar a Estados Unidos y/o por ser inelegible.   La causa ms comà ºn de rechazo de la aprobacià ³n de la visa de turista es que el oficial consular considere que no se ha probado ms all de toda duda que el solicitante tiene lazos familiares y econà ³micos fuertes en su paà ­s de origen o de residencia habitual. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Spelling Tips Our 10 “Most Wanted” Homophones

Spelling Tips Our 10 â€Å"Most Wanted† Homophones Spelling Tips: Our 10 â€Å"Most Wanted† Homophones Homophones- i.e., words that sound the same but differ in spelling and meaning- can cause a lot of confusion when you’re not sure which term to use in your written work. Some mix-ups are definitely more common than others, though, so here’s our list of ten prominent â€Å"reoffenders.† Keep an eye out for them when you’re next writing something! 10. Than/Then Only one letter separates these terms, but each one has a distinct meaning. â€Å"Then† is used when referring to time: Call me at eight. I’ll be ready by then. Or when discussing consequences: If you struggle with spelling, then you might want to hire a proofreader! â€Å"Than,† meanwhile, is used primarily for making comparisons: I’m better at grammar than spelling. 9. Hear/Here â€Å"Hear† and â€Å"here† are very different words: while â€Å"hear† means â€Å"sense a sound† or â€Å"listen,† â€Å"here† means â€Å"in this place.† Keep in mind that â€Å"hear† contains â€Å"ear,† which is what you listen with! 8. Affect/Effect These are very easy to confuse, since both refer to change. The important distinction is that â€Å"affect† is a verb (i.e., the act of changing something), but â€Å"effect† is usually a noun (i.e., the result). 7. Where/Were/We’re Although they look similar on the page, you won’t want to confuse these terms in your work. â€Å"Where† refers to locations, â€Å"were† is the past tense of â€Å"are,† and â€Å"we’re† is short for â€Å"we are.† 6. Our/Are Mixing these up is common if English isn’t your first language, as they sound similar despite having very different meanings: â€Å"our† is a possessive pronoun meaning â€Å"belonging to us,† but â€Å"are† is a present tense form of the verb â€Å"to be.† 5. Now/Know In this case, the words look similar but are pronounced differently, as well as being importantly distinct in their use. â€Å"Now† means â€Å"at this time,† while â€Å"know† is a verb meaning â€Å"understand.† 4. There/Their/They’re Like â€Å"where,† â€Å"were† and â€Å"we’re,† these homophones are commonly confused due to being similarly spelled. To ensure clarity, remember that â€Å"there† means â€Å"in that place,† â€Å"their† means â€Å"belonging to them,† and â€Å"they’re† is an abbreviation of â€Å"they are.† 3. It’s/Its Although apostrophes are often used to indicate possession, the possessive pronoun â€Å"its† doesn’t need one. If you’re forming a contraction of â€Å"it is† or â€Å"it has† (i.e., â€Å"it’s†), however, you should use an apostrophe to show that letters have been omitted. 2. Too/To Another common error is mixing up â€Å"too† (an adverb meaning â€Å"also† or â€Å"excessively†) and â€Å"to† (a preposition that often indicates direction or duration, as well as being used in combination with infinitive verbs). Even if you know the difference between these homophones, keep in mind that it’s easy to make a typo! 1. Your/You’re At the top of our list of â€Å"most wanted† homophones are â€Å"your† and â€Å"you’re,† simply because they’re so commonly mistaken in day-to-day writing (just check social media if you don’t believe us). Remember, though, that â€Å"your† is a possessive pronoun that means â€Å"belonging to you† (e.g., â€Å"Your spelling is outstanding!†), while â€Å"you’re† is a contraction of â€Å"you are† (e.g., â€Å"You’re a great speller!). Believed to be armed and dangerous. Report to your local proofreader immediately.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay(William Gibson-cyberpunk) Essay

Rhetorical Analysis (William Gibson-cyberpunk) - Essay Example According to Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia, Gernberk’s stories were described as ‘hackneyed adventure tales in which heroes outfitted in dubious space metal wrecked alien words and rescued space maidens’ (New Grolier Multimedia encyclopedia 112). The popularity of the Amazing stories led to new entrants in the 1920s and 1930s to include, Science wonder stories, Wonder stories and Astounding stories. It was Campbell’s work which gave a credible representation of science fiction on how technology has an impact on individuals as well as their cultures through complex narrative techniques as well as exhaustive approaches to subject matters. His works have been regarded as the golden age of science fiction under which science fiction writers such as Robert A. Heinlein, Theordore Sturgeon and Isaac Asimov flourished. Major themes of science fiction are listed by Grolier as robots, alternate worlds, faster- than- light travel, the seeding of the galaxies by the humans and aliens and its many astonishing consequences and the full range of possibilities presented by the nuclear power. The impact of technology on everyday lives and on the planet’s fate became more dominant in science fiction from the 1950s onwards. Most notable development was the New Wave associated with authors such as Brian Aldiss and J.G Ballard whose focus was on topical issues such as environmental depletion, urban overcrowding, and how technology relates to drug abuse, crime and sexuality. The new wave in some aspects introduces cyberpunk’s attention to the impact of technology on the present no less than on the future an important component which features in William Gibson’s works and his contemporaries – that of computer technology. This continuous intermingling of reality and fiction has depicted science fiction as a means of sharpening the awareness of a people to their reality by de-familiarizing it through imaginations and fantasies (Heuser

Serbia Tourism and Events Management compared to Hainan Essay

Serbia Tourism and Events Management compared to Hainan - Essay Example Hainan is a state in the People’s Republic of China and is a popular tourist destination. It boasts a rich variety of attractions and natural resources including flora, fauna and wildlife. It also has a rich historical and cultural heritage and diverse, colorful ethnic minorities. It aims for quality by offering a diversified product range opening up the Paracel and Spratly islands to tourism. It offers activities such as yachting, golf, surfing, nature-based tourism and shopping options (Van Der Wagen & Carlos, 2005). Serbia, on the other hand, is a landlocked country in southeast Europe. The country boasts of a long and very colorful history. It has attraction sites such as vibrant cities, medieval monasteries and vestiges of ancient civilizations. It is a conducive area to tour since it offers opportunities for relaxation and active pursuits. Its main tourist attractions are mountain resorts, spa resorts and thermal springs and a variety of competence centers (Van Der Wagen & Carlos, 2005). According to The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), Serbia has developed its tourism industry with an appeal for new and broader target markets. It has been a nation at war for the past decade with the successive political crisis. It has reformed its Tourism and Travel economy accounting for 5.3% of the total GDP and supporting 6% of the formal employment sector. To achieve its full potential, it ought to merge the central location, abundant cultural and natural resources with a supportive business and regulatory framework. On the other hand, the focus on tourism and travel development by the Hainan provincial government began in the 1990’s. It has undergone a major transformation over time.  

Alcohol Problems in Hospitality Industry Research Paper

Alcohol Problems in Hospitality Industry - Research Paper Example So the government always put more emphasize on this industry. â€Å"Hospitality industry is a major employer. The industry includes service sector work like tourism and food service. It suffers from more economic fluctuations compared to its peer industries† (Hospitality Industry par. 1). A Business Problem: For the sustaining and success of every establishment the most important thing is the identification of its problems and solving it. In this context, the clear identification of the problem is the bigger issue. â€Å"If I had only one hour to save the world, I would spend fifty-five minutes defining the problem, and only five minutes finding the solution." ~ Albert Einstein† (Problem Definition par. 1). Through the words of Albert Einstein, we can make sure that, the solution is always depends upon the definition of problem. How better the defining of a problem determine the quality of the out coming solution. The existing gap between the desired state and the actua l state is called problem and when it happens to a business it is called problem. Problem analysis and solving the problem all are the preceding of the defining of the problem. To get the right solution which can make the business successful, the problem defining should be very clear. Here the problem is defined as the ‘Alcohol Problems in Hospitality Industry’ â€Å"Service professionals and those that work in the hospitality industry could be at risk for developing unhealthy drinking practices, and it is important to be aware of the dangers† (Warning – Hospitality Workers May Be at Risk for Alcohol Abuse par. 1). The main damages that have been recognized in the pressure of alcohol consumption have leaded the hospitality industry to witness a numerous problems. The restaurants and bars that serve drinks to human are equally involved in disaster and are lawfully in charge for damage. It is complained frequently about the alcohol consumption of employees w orking in the hospitality industry. This problem has been identified as result of finding out the reasons behind why people hesitate to bring their family to some places. In support to this a study of students is consulted. The following report contains the data from two surveys in two different sectors of service, which we can use for understand the case. In the initial survey from three different colleges 84 students were interviewed employees working in hotel service in concerning their alcohol practice by using the testing device called Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). The second study was focused on service employees working in restaurants in a particular area. Exactly One hundred and five samples had been taken and the respondents answered the AUDIT questionnaire in the survey very properly. The comparison of the results of two studies showed that the hotel and restaurant associated persons scored considerably higher on the survey by AUDIT than the respondent s from other service sectors. The first survey which conducted by 84 students from three different colleges show that the effective survey can bring out the things and the second survey showed that restaurant workers scored considerably higher than people in other areas of the service industry. â€Å"A new analysis of government data finds that 15 percent of employees in the hospitality industry suffer from serious alcohol-related problems† (Hospitality Industry Worst for Alcohol-Related Problems par. 1). The steps to solve the business problem are as following: Take the time to

Defect tracking system

Defect tracking system Introduction:- The system which enables to detect the defect or bugs is known as Defect tracking system. It is also referred as bug tracking system. This system not only detects the bugs but also provides complete information about the detected bugs. The use of bug tracking systems as a tool to manage maintenance activities is extensive in which the systems serve as a central repository for monitoring the progress of bug reports, requesting additional information from reporters, and discussing potential solutions for fixing the bug(Zimmermann et al, 2007). The main advantage of a bug-tracking system is that it provides a clear centralized overview of development requests including bugs and improvements, and their state. During defining the product roadmap, the valuable input is provided by prioritized list of pending. The information provided in bug reports is used by developers to identify the cause of defect and narrow down the reasonable files that need fixing. According to the customer requirements, the developers develop the project. The quality checker identifies the bugs during the testing phase. When n number of bugs is encountered, then tester adds the bug id and information in the database. The quality checker reports to both developer and project manager. For both the developer and project manager, the bug details in the database table are accessible. Many bug-tracking systems like which are used by most open source software projects, allow users to enter bug reports directly, whereas other systems are used only internally in a company or organization doing software development. Usually, bug tracking systems are integrated with other software project management applications. Bud tracking system is essential in software development and they are used widely by companies developing softwar e products. In a corporate environment, a bug-tracking system is used for generating reports on the productivity of programmers at fixing bugs. Sometimes, this yields inaccurate results as different bugs may have different levels of severity and complexity. The severity of a bug is not directly related to the complexity of fixing the bug. According to Bettenburg et al, 2008 A survey conducted amongst developers from the APACHE, ECLIPSE, and MOZILLA projects found out which information items are considered useful to help resolve bugs and found that items such as stack traces, steps to reproduce, observed and expected behavior, test cases, and screenshots ranked high on the list of preferred information by developers. Breu et al (2009) suggest that previous research has shown that reporters often omit these important items and developers are then forced to actively solicit information from reporters and, depending on their responsiveness, this may stall development. This affects the bug fixing mechanism as the bugs take long time to be fixed. This results in the gathering of unresolved bugs in the databases. The main reason for this is that most bug tracking systems today have ended up by just becoming a complex search engine with too big databases of reported bugs but do not help in any way is resolving a bug. Due to this, the work of the developers is more difficult as resolving the bug is limited to the prior experience of the developer which may or may not be sufficient in resolving the bug on his own. Also, the tracking becomes more difficult because of the bugs. The situation may go worse if the developer is working n multiple projects. Since most of the current systems have too many complex interfaces and roles and limited access, tracking and fixing bugs became a difficult job for the developers today. Aims:- The aim of this research is to study the bug and the mechanisms to resolve and its life cycle in which it is determined how the bug arises and its consequences. Research Questions:- What is a bug and how to evaluate the origin of it and its effect on normal flow of software? How to determine the complete life cycle of a bug and its flow from one stage to another? How track all the raised bugs and find a solution to them through automated software tools? What are the different software tools available in the market and the variation among them? Literature Review:- The metric used for verification signoff is referred as Bug tracking. An automated bug tracking tool is required to keep track of various bugs raised and resolved. The bug tracking tools makes it simpler for analyzing the progress using metrics and reports. Best bug tracking tool should be selected in order to fulfill the requirements. Freeware bug tracking tools takes long time to set up, and are not user friendly or supported. Bugzilla bug tracking database, GNATs bug database, Debian bug tracking system are such bug tracking tools. Some special often used features are present in expensive bug tracking tools which are not worth of cost. Bug tracking software cost varies from free to thousands of dollars. Now, bug tracking systems which are web-based and require no installation of client software are available. Whereas old bug tracking systems are client based, requires client server installation and each user needs to install client software. If various users are located at distant places and are connected through internet web based, then bug tracking is the best solution (Leena Singh, Leonard Drucker, Neyaz Khan, 2004). The information recorded by a Bug Tracking System mainly depends on system, organizational necessities and its design. Bug Tracking System allows a defect it is named as priority. But some of the systems support both severity and priority. In this Priority of a defect is frequently based on business reasons and not technical reasons (Karl Eugen Kurbel, 2008). In Bug Tracking system we will keep track of the bugs initiate by our authentication system. We can obtain the Bug Tracking System for free of cost or we can purchase. Bug tracking system shows the feedback mechanism when we have design it and this information will be useful (Peet James, 2004). Bug tracking tools:- There are a number of ways to keep track of software bugs from spreadsheet based schemes or informal email to expensive third party bug tracking software. The best solution for organization depends on the size of the group, level of formality around bug fixing, nature of the software (Nicholas A. Solter, Scott J. Kleper, 2005) Some of the features of bug tracking tools are as follows: Browsers which are being used should be supported by web based bug tracking system. Since mostly free bug systems are Linux based, they do not work well with Windows. Bug tracking system should be robust, lightweight and fast. Should have minimal system requirements and maintenance. Should be easily installed and efficient to use. Should be platform independent and database system independent. File attachment should be supported. Multiple projects and access control should be supported (Leena Singh, Leonard Drucker, Neyaz Khan, 2004) The popular free tool for bug tracking is Bugzilla which is written by the authors of Mozilla web browser. A number of useful features are accumulated by Bugzilla. Some of the features are as follows: Customizable settings for a bug, including its status, priority, associated component and so on. Notifications of new bug reports or changes to an existing report through email. Reporting and searching tools For filling and updating bugs, a web based interface is required. For a professional software development environment, bug tracking tools like Mozilla are becoming vital components. Records of previous bugs and their fixes are provided by bug tracking tools in addition to a central list of currently open bugs. Bugzilla is used by a support engineer to search for a problem similar to one reported by a customer (Nicholas A. Solter, Scott J. Kleper, 2005). Uses of bug tracking:- An effective bug tracking system is important for quick design of complex blocks and systems. A central database which collects all the known bugs and desired enhancements allows the whole team to know the state of the design and prevents designers from debugging the known problems several times. It also makes sure that known problems are not forgotten. Bug rate tracking is another main use for bug tracking. In most projects, a well defined curve is followed by the bug rate reaching peak value early in the integration phase and declining as testing becomes tougher. The most effective testing and debug strategy for any phase of the project can be defined by the current bug rate and position on the curve. When integration begins, then usually formal bug tracking also begins, that is when the work of two or more designers is combined in to a larger block. At all stages of design, some form of bug tracking is required (Pierre Bricaud, 2002). Bug Tracking Software:- When we are reinventing the wheel or starting development of a particular thing Tools should be the used. So many web application development teams use large number of Bug tracking and management systems they are already available. By using these tools we can meet your needs as flexible. In this we are select some tools and they are written in the same language as our application and we are storing their data in the same backend database. By doing this customization and incorporation of our work should be easy (Cal Henderson, 2006). In this we will examine the popular choice and compare the main features they are offering. Commercial Bug Tracking software is very expensive. Spending a lot of money on development tools is not a good idea. Many Bug Tracking Tools are available. They are Fogbugz Bug Tracker Mantis Bug Tracker Request Tracker Bugzilla Fogbugz Bug Tracker:- Fogbugz (http://www.fogcreek.com/fogbugz/) is a Bug tracking and simple project management tool created by Fog Creek software. In this Fogbugz Bug tracking tool there are two versions available for writing, one for windows/Unix/Os X using PHP and another for windows server using Asp. Unix/Os X version stores its data using MYSQL, while windows can store its data in either jet, SQL Server (Cal Henderson, 2006). Pros: It is very simple to use It has good support because it is an actively developed product For our own applications we are using My Sql is the backend for storage it allows easy integration. Cons: Fogbugz is not free software for small teams the costs between $100 and $130 per developer. In this advanced features are deficient. Mantis Bug Tracker:- Mantis Bug Tracker (http://www.mantisbt.org/) is an Open source Bug tracking application. And this is written in PHP and sores its issue data using My Sql by using an experimental support of Postgre SQL. This product is wide and active for user base and active developers. Pros: It is very easy to install. In this Installation script will be simple. In this we are written our application in PHP and that stores its issues by using MYSQL so Integration and modification of our application will be easy. In this we have Active developer community. Cons: In this there are few features not as many features like as Bugzilla or RT (Cal Henderson, 2006) Request Tracker (RT):- Request Tracker (http://www.bestpractical.com/rt/) was created in 1996 by Best practical solutions. In this we are writing the issues in Perl, and stores the issues in either Oracle or Mysql ,PostgresSQL. RT supports more databases. Request Tracker is designed mainly to handle the issues initiate of the users and by using this issues we can easily entered into the system through email and the system acts as log of email conversations between the issue administrator and the user. Pros: For crating issues there is a good Email support. In this we are using so many variety of databases for storage the issues , so it is easy to integrate with our application Cons: In this we are using Email-oriented approach for creating an issues it is well suited for users reporting problems, but not it is good in Bug tracking development issues. In this Interfaces are designed by programmers and they provide huge number of features but it is difficult to implement them. Bugzilla:- In 1998 Bugzilla (http://www.bugzilla.org/) was introduced by the people at the Mozilla foundation. Bugzilla using MYSQL for its storage and write the issues in Perl, and even though PostgreSql is also used for storage. Bugzilla is a highly active developer community and it is established product with lot of features (Cal Henderson, 2006). Pros: It has many features. In this we are using MySql for storage by this linkage will be directly into our application. With dynamic developer base it is well tested (Cal Henderson, 2006). The Life Cycle of a Bug:- Bugs will occur in software both before and after its release in engineering groups. There are number of ways to deal these problems. In this process bug is always filled by member of QA team. In this the development manager gets the notification from the bug reporting software. And in this development manager sets the priority to the bug and assigns the bug to the particular module owner. In this the module owner can accept the bug and give it to the development manager. Once the bug is found its rightful owner and the developer symbols the bug is fixed (Nicholas A. Solter, Scott J. Kleper, 2005). The bug is assigned to the developers by the Development TL and translates that bug into assigned status. The Development Team Leader is responsible for allocating tasks, planning and he has a broad view in all the factors and he is responsible for allocating the resources for Bug fixing. The bug is fixed and the Unit testing is performed on the particular bug. Thus the bug is translated i nto resolved status. Then the original finder tester re-tests the bug fix, to make sure that it is completely fix. The Testing Team Leader translates the bug into concluded status and this takes the bug life cycle to end. After that, it has a successful initial implementation, enhancement tend to turn up into an idle stage (Jyrki Kontio, Reidar Conradi, 2002). Bug Tracking Annoyances:- In Bug Tracking System we are facing so many problems apart from of which system is used. In this section we are discussing some of the annoyances Multiplying Products:- In this we have very simple values for Bugs information. They are a string of text is used to describe to bug or a problem, the name of the person assigned to a bug. In this the field holds only one value at a time, and those things are very simple. In this when one field can have various values at the same time every one becomes more complex. In this we have to possible we are avoiding the fields with multiple values .By avoiding these multiple values for a fields they tend to make writing useful information much harder. We are imagining a Bug Tracking Tool which contains only three fields in its bugs. They are Owner, Description, and Product. In this Owner is a single value field. That means only one person owns a bug at a time. Description is a text string. And the Product is the multi valued fields; it represents special products that are exaggerated by a bug (Matthew B. Doar, 2005). One Bug, Multiple Releases:- A Bug is a group of various Releases that the bug exists in. In this Bug Tracking System it is the simplest way to deal the bug is abscond the information about the affected releases. We are maintaining a Spreadsheet for each and every Release and it is easy to organize with the development team for identifying where the bug is fixed. This approach is tiresome and make flat to error. But it is common on smaller projects. Another approach for handle a bug is to prepare two copies of an original bug and we are changing the value for the release found in each of the two bugs. In this Bug Tracking System each of the copies will have its own unique bug identifier. This approach is very useful we know the bug count for each and every release. And some of the Bug Tracking Systems support duplicating bugs mostly. In this Bug Tracking System disadvantage is information will regularly be added to just one copy and not the others. The main disadvantage is that developers, customers and product managers locate it difficult to maintain which bug is fixed in which release. In some of the Bug Tracking Tools maintain to support adding multiple releases for a bug. But their reports are not robust as might be expected when we are using the multiple release values. Keeping track of Bugs in multiple releases of a product it is hard to automatically and not suit in existing Bug Tracking Tools (Matthew B. Doar, 2005). Severity Inflation:- In this we have fields for many bugs to indicate how severe the bug is. One common series of values goes like this: Severity one means The bug stops the product, and no workaround is possible; Severity two is Workaround is possible and the bug stops the product. In severity three and 4 The bug breaks a minor part of the product and The bug makes impatience. A severity field is often more flat to distortion than for internal use for customers. When we are changing the value of a customers severity field it occurs a problem. If you are increasing the severity, the customer is worried whether the problem is superior issue. When you are decreasing the severity, then we have to minimize our stress. Customizing the Bug Tracking System:- One common customization is changing the state of a bug in order to make them better to fit in the projects presented workflow. The administrator of the system changes the name of the name of the system for each field (Matthew B. Doar, 2005). Research method and research methodology:- The researches that are conducted by the researchers adopted various methodologies above lots of existence which depend basically on their models or examples of thinking (Paradigm) on how they analysis the humanity (Ontology) and the manner they gain the information (epistemology). Basically, for conducting IS researches there are three types of paradigms are present namely: 1) POSITIVIST (the scientific method):- The reasons as a way of considerations for the human actions and the philosophical thoughts of French philosopher August Comte, who emphasized the observations and was based by the positive paradigm of exploring social reality. The intelligence of proper understanding and experience can be obtained by the estimation of the positivism researchers and it is based by the research and observation, this is inside the framework of the supposition and main beliefs of science. Positivist is the existed technique of IS research discovered from the work of Newton, Bacon, and Galileo. This variety of explore advocate quantitative modelling, laboratory experiment and empirical survey are the honourable methods of IS research. There are two crucial assumptions in this process: Our world is normal and controlled not indiscriminate. We can examine it neutrally. The fundamental techniques of this method embrace the following: Reductionism: Breaking down of intricate belongings into less significant pieces for research work. Repeatability: Research troubles/Assumptions are conducted in multiples, frequently by special persons in order to prove the dependability of the consequences. Reputation: In this advance research the results are redundant if the end result of the researchers might not prove the unusual result. It is relatable to point out that positivist researchers who apply other research strategies when the scientific scheme is not squashy preferred results (Oates, 2006, 286). Thus what amalgamate positivist researchers is the shared observation that; The globe exists in competition of humans. Modeling and Measurement. Objectivity: Impartial Observer and Neutral. Quantitative data analysis: The use of arithmetic and statistics in analyzing information. Universal laws: The fact natural history of research and capability to oversimplify. These positivists consider of habitually American IS researchers were contested at a seminar in Manchester in 1994 by the greater part of their European generations, (Avgerou, 2000). They however proposed the use of qualitative methods, such as case study, survey research as equally valid methods of research. Some of their criticism includes: Reduction: It is not always probable to accomplish desired consequences by breaking down the things. For example most commercial organizations required to be premeditated as a complete to achieve the immense picture of effects. Repetition: It is extremely complex to replicate a meticulous research accurately because of definite human changes and or surroundings. Generalization: It is completely prejudiced to oversimplify human being performance/views because people are produced in a different way, special conditions and atmosphere. For example the How thorn distress theory where employers preceded in their own ways at different social locations. Nation too has different views/perceptions regarding the humanity. 2) INTERPRETIVITISM:- By giving meaning to this social authenticity is interpreted and viewed by the personality herself according to ideological situation she posses. For that reason awareness is individually qualified relatively than acquired obligatory from outer surface. Computing and Interpretive research in IS, is distressed with consideration of the social circumstance of an information system: the social procedure through which its developed, construed by the people in the course of which it influences and its influenced by its social setting. (Oates, 2006, pg 292) Interpretive tries to survey, recognize and explains how the entire factors in a particular social settings which are autonomous and correlated to one another which is overlooked stubbornness by negative or appreciative an nearly known result, (e.g. hypothesis-all human beings have special manner of thinking). The plan is to produce an affluent accepting of a reflexively exclusive context and a structured invention of how human agents create good judgment of their superficial earth and how those perceptions modify ultimately and change from group or person to one more. Interpretivists distribute the subsequent characteristics: Multiple subjective realities: No solo report of the fact; differences in individual perceptions/beliefs, environmental power, communal and oddity in positions resolute what public take to be comprehensive or right or wrong, genuine. For example, sex edification would entirely be discarded as bad education, would be taken as a pasture of study in open-minded/societies socialist and gibberish in a severely religious society. Dynamic, socially constructed meaning: Knowledge, authenticity, right or wrong can simply be transmitted and accessed all the way through nevertheless another social medium, e.g. verbal communication. Researcher reflexivity: Researchers figure the research method with their own assumptions, principles, events and values. Trustworthiness: There is no sureness of the researchs authority. Conformability: Results of the research are additionally subjected to review check and the auditor also place himself into the unusual researchers shoe. Dependability: Questions of accurate certification and recording of the research procedure are for all period being asked. Credibility: Ambiguity in the sources of information, precision and explanation Transferability: The individuality scenery of examine subjects and situations rises the problem of transferability. Critical Research:- Jergen Habermas is the central protagonist of this theory who worked at the Frankfort school in Germany to increase an approach of investigation and achievement of social sciences which could express the historical services that limit human autonomy and representation the ideological explanation for those services. Dangerous researchers promote self-determination and broadmindedness in doing research. They coincide with the interpretivist which believes that social actuality is formed by public. Still, they argued that flush in social reality situation, definite services such as widespread economic situations; cultural and political ability tends to manipulate the people perceptions and believes. They disparage the interpretive for weakening to examine the patterns of authority and organize that normalize and legitimize meticulous ways of considering our planet. Critical standards could be viewed as an essential approach of research that goes ahead of interpreting social reality to asking questions/demanding those social realities. E.g. they asked the question why men outnumber women in municipal office. The seek of critical researchers is to spotlight on the power relations, conflicts and contradictions in our present humanity, and help to get rid of them as causes of estrangement and ascendancy. Understandings and Interpretation are presently not enough. Critical research is known for assessment of tradition, unrestraint, non-per formative target- discard research project that are expected at civilizing secretarial effectiveness for elevated productivity and better profit with least input (e.g. condensed labor). They condemn technological determinism mind-set and trust instead of that people and society can outline the technology that we build up. In analysis of the above, it may possibly recognize that there is no single preeminent standard; it all depends on the appropriateness and situation. For this reason the attitude of this research would be interpretive. This is because: The research would be in type of crate study and for the reality that case studies are frequently connected with the standard adopted, (Oates, 2006, pg. 300). The idea of revise is community knowledge (Jack, 2008). The lessons would be conducted in a managerial arrangement which flouting down would threat the full-size photograph. Research Strategies:- Research strategies may perhaps defined as the resources/traditions of getting data/information in research accomplishments. There are mixtures of strategies, however only four would be discussed. Case study: According to Benbasat et al (1987), A case study examines a phenomenon in its normal situations, employing numerous methods of records and collection of grouped information from one or a small number of entities (groups, people, or organizations). Advantages:- Case study is used wherever it is difficult to learn effects in separations (e.g. family of association). Much suitable when researcher has slight or no control over the research topic. Allow the researcher to answer how and why questions Disadvantages:- It is perceived as missing credibility and occasionally leads to simplification more than ever when the subjects are indiscriminately and consistently chosen. It is occasionally complicated to achieve contact to an association or groups or their traditional text and this might direct to impulsive results. Action Research:- According to Rapport (1970), Action research aims to donate mutually to the matter-of-fact concerns of people in an instantaneous challenging condition and to the goals of societal science by united cooperation contained by commonly tolerable principled framework. Action research is comparable to consultancy, where a group is looking for a resolution to an accessible trouble, but requires theoretical validation and unmitigated instance frame. It is added of group effort linking the practitioner and the researcher and change. However, it has a possible ethical dilemma when the practitioner refuses to put into action the research result. Advantages: It concentrates on research that is appropriate to people in genuine earth, bringing about definite improvements in performance, not just models and theories. It brings democratic system in the research course of actions. Disadvantages: It is not appropriate for citizens who are not enthusiastic on the subject of social equality in solving multifaceted, challenging, and changeable actual world situations. E.g. Military. It is easier said than done to persuade prospects and the needs of the people concerned. Ethnography:- Ethnographic research is one that the researcher assimilates the researchs area under discussion. He immerses himself as one of them. The researcher at this point becomes a contestant viewer. (Oates, 2006, 174-176). Advantages: Experience usual localities, draw together for more perfect records and have a complete representation of a scrupulous circumstances or work performance. It is excellent for studies where the issue of concentration is embedded and composite in a social system. Disadvantages: Dangerous, source overriding, and distraction from the definite focus of the research. It is not able-bodied for conventional as strategies used by positivist and it may perhaps redundant by inhabitants by means of systematic state of mind. Grounded Theory:- Grounded theory is a scrupulous come within reach of the qualitative research where the purpose is to achieve field research and then evaluate the facts to observe what theory emerges, so that the theory is stranded in the field data (Oates, 2006, pg 274). Strategy adopted: The strategy for this research endeavor would be case study for the cause that of: The elasticity to make use of numerous research instruments. It is appropriate for researches in society set of connections. Be short of resources and sample time. In spite of the piece of information that all strategies are first-class, although in next of kin to abnormal situations, the researcher feels case study would be further suitable for this picky research since: For Action research- the researcher proposes the subject matter and not been requested to work out the problems. Lack of time and resources is also a restraint. For Ethnography- the theory of research is in a business field and not in open surroundings. Time and resources are also deterrents. For Grounded theory- accurately, I lack in adequate proper understandings and proper knowledge to accomplish it. References:- Leena Singh, Leonard Drucker, Neyaz Khan (2004).Verification process. In Advanced verification techniques: a SystemC based approach for su