How Innovative or Original Can a Successful Artist Be? Essay

Art – How innovative or original can a successful artist be? Art is considered to vary across culture and also through time. Art considered as a masterpiece by this group of people might not even be appreciated by another group of people. Art changes through time and the value of a certain artistic piece might increase or decrease through time. Art is what defines a culture, thus it is regarded by many as the main (not sure we could say this, I think you wanted to say something else)aspect in a culture’s construction. Art function as an emotional gratification for an individual. It also contributes to social integration and it serves as a social control tool. It also preserves or challenges the status quo. Artist will usually have their image or idea embedded into paintings, dances, songs or even poems. These artists are trying to make a symbolic statement through their artwork and sometimes their arts document and convey a vast array of their own experience of life. Very good point However, art changes through time and the symbolic statement made by artists back in their days might not be understood by the modern generation and these arts will start to lose value. Music is the perfect example. The music trend changes through time. Bee Gees used to be a very popular musical group and everyone in the 60’s and 70’s knew them. As time passes, the group faces stiff competition from new and younger artists. It cannot be denied that Bee Gees is one of the most successful groups of all time, but no one can stay popular forever as art changes through time. To the older generation of 60’s and 70’s, the playing of Bee Gees music on radio recalls good old memories but the younger generation would seem to think that Bee Gees can no longer be the voice of their generation and prefer other genre of music. Being innovative or original at a certain era would bring an artist success, but these successes do not last long. good obeservation Music transfers feelings and ideas of the artists. Everyone is able to relate to a certain type of music. One of Michael Jackson’s songs, ‘Heal the World’ was a big hit when it was first released. Jackson said this is the song he was most proud to have created. The music video features children living in countries suffering from unrest, especially in Burundi. This song was used by Jackson as a communication tool to tell the world of the actual reality going on in countries that were still suffering from unrest. ‘Heal the World’ was used as a satire, to ridicule nations who were still in war so that they will change or stop what they are doing. Through this song, Jackson was able to produce an emotional impact and transmitted the knowledge to the public that humans should be the one healing the world and make it a better place for everyone to live in, instead of destroying it. Michael Jackson, being able to adapt to different themes and various genres, this allow him to be original and innovative and has led to him being successful. Even though Jackson has passed away, his music is still being appreciated worldwide. Anthropologists generally agreed that value of an art is based on the role and status of the artists in the community and this is further proven when Jackson’s death did raised the value of his music as he was regarded as the ‘King of Pop’ and his contribution to music, dance and fashion proved to something that will never be forgotten. Today, Van Gogh’s work sells for unprecedented prices and is some of the most treasured and highly sought after in the world. His  Portrait of Dr. Gachet  sold for $82. 5 million in 1990, making it one of the most expensive paintings ever sold. In his time, however, Van Gogh was an unsuccessful, starving artist. He produced more than 2,000 works of art, but sold only two during his lifetime. Van Gogh, suffering from mental illness and further depressed by his lack of success, committed suicide at the age of 37. His post-Impressionist style, filled with emotion, movement and vibrancy, was not popular during his life but would go on to influence decades of artists that followed, and his works remain some of the most highly regarded paintings in modern art. Van Gogh’s art was not appreciated by the people of his time because his artwork wasn’t able to communicate to the public in a way they can related to or learn to relate to. They thought he was just another want-to-be artist who wasn’t going anywhere with his artwork. This also proved that the value of someone’s art is related to the role and status of the artists in the community. Van Gogh didn’t belong to an artist organization or famous art school and his family was neither rich nor famous so he was constantly looked down and no one took him seriously. Jason Mecier creates portraits of famous celebraties using junk, sweets and pills. The San Francisco artist builds collages from unusual materials that he feels suit the personality or life of the subject. The above is a portrait of Amy Winehouse constructed from 5,000 multicolored tablets. Mecier created this portrait to honor the singer’s short life. He captured the tragic star in a poignant pose depicted by colorful medications as part of a series of mosaics inspired by celebrities who battled drug abuse. Jason Mecier used his arts to make a symbolic statement and his symbolic meanings were encoded in the materials and techniques used. He is indirectly transmitting the knowledge that drugs and alcohol abuse are deadly as Amy Winehouse died from alcohol abuse. Mecier, being an innovative and original artist, his portraits were able to gain international attention and have featured for many years in national consumer magazines and prestigious galleries. To say art provides enrichment to humankind is not exaggerating. People have been inspired by thought provoking creations, from Van Gogh’s to Mecier’s art, from Bee Gees to Michael Jackson’s music. However, being innovative and original doesn’t mean you will enjoy instant success. In fact, I think it’s that confluence of commercial success and artistic greatness that makes recent artists so successful. In previous periods, great artists were rejected in their time, but nowadays some great artists are revered in their day, rewarded with wealth and fame, without sacrificing their art.

Marketing Plan: Johnson & Johnson Essay

Marketing Plan: J & J DiaperOrganizational OverviewBackground on Johnson & JohnsonIn 1886, Robert Johnson joined his two brothers, James and Edward Johnson and went into business in 1886 in New Brunswick, New Jersey with 14 employees. They incorporated as Johnson & Johnson (JNJ) in 1887. One of JNJ’s most well known products was Johnson’s Baby Powder, which was originally to sooth skin irritation in 1890. This led to a line of baby products with the marketing slogan, â€Å"Best for your baby, best for you.† Some of JNJ’s most well known products are Band-aid, Tylenol and the antipsychotic drug, Haldol. JNJ has been a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange since 1944. The company’s ticker is JNJ. They boast 72 consecutive years of increased sales and 44 consecutive years of dividend increases. Part of JNJ’s success is contributed to their innovation and continued development of new products. Mission StatementJNJ does not have a simple mission statement but a one page document titled, â€Å"Our Credo.† The beginning paragraph of â€Å"Our Credo,† is as follows:We believe our first responsibility is to the doctors, nurses and patients, to mothers and fathers and all others who use our products and services. In meeting their needs everything we do must be of high quality. We must constantly strive to reduce our costs in order to maintain reasonable prices. Customers’ orders must be serviced promptly and accurately. Our suppliers and distributors must have an opportunity to make a fair profit. Geographic LocationCurrently JNJ is parent to 230 companies throughout the world, all of which currently and historically market health care products. The principal office is located in New Brunswick, New Jersey and employs 116,000 employees in 57 countries worldwide. Product MixThe business segments of Johnson & Johnson include consumer, medical devices and diagnostics, and pharmaceutical. Each segment has numerous companies and product lines. Our product will be part of the consumer segment and a product line of Johnson’s Baby. Product DescriptionAfter much research JNJ decided to create a diaper in conjunction with Balmex diaper rash cream. Balmex is a successful product of JNJ and has been pediatrician recommended for over 50 years. Balmex reduces redness from diaper rash within hours. (Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies Inc. 2006) The question the research team faced was how to prevent diaper rash instead of treating diaper rash. The answer that they came to was to get Balmex to the skin before the rash had a chance to develop. This idea is behind the creation of the brand new JNJ diaper. SWOTT AnalysisThis SWOTT analysis will attempt to uncover the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and trends associated to this new product of JNJ diapers with Balmex. StrengthsJNJ is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of health care products. The company has a strong product portfolio and has developed a well recognized name amongst parents for their child care needs. This strong brand image puts the company at an advantage when it comes to launching new products. The company is in a healthy financial position that allows the company to provide the resources necessary to exploit opportunities and promote their products heavily. Balmex is a well established product and has been recommended by pediatricians for over 50 years. This type of trust will automatically generate sales for the company. Balmex treated diapers would not only treat a diaper rash but prevent one from occurring. This new product in not only more convenient, but much less messier than the alternative of applying a thick cream that is difficult to wash off the skin. The company already has developed the application process of this product through an existing product line, Carefree Panty liners. This will save the company from having to do the research from top to bottom for this new product line. WeaknessesLike any new product, time and money needs to be spent on researching, developing and marketing. Customer demand needs to be created for this new product and this will require plenty of resources to accomplish this task. The diaper industry is a new market for JNJ and it will be tough for the company to establish itself in this industry. Having a well established brand helps, however; Huggies and Pampers has dominated this industry for a very long time and breaking into this new territory is going to require a very expensive marketing campaign. OpportunityDisposable diapers make up an industry worth over $19 billion a year worldwide. This new diaper will allow JNJ to tap into this lucrative industry with a distinctive and innovative diaper that has not been developed up until now. This product has the possibility of being a huge success for JNJ and can contribute to the company’s financial position. ThreatsSafety concerns are always an issue especially when developing a product used by children. JNJ needs to be prepared for claims associated with misleading advertising, inappropriate use of the product and allergic reactions that some babies may develop. JNJ invests plenty of money on trials and developing their products, however; does not always guaranty that something will not go wrong. Competition is also a major threat for JNJ. Huggies and Pampers have dominated the diaper industry for quite sometime. If this new product establishes a new demand with the customers in this industry it will not take long for these companies to produce and distribute their own versions of these types of diapers. TrendsIn today’s society, consumers are always looking for a product that will make their lives much simpler. The majority of parent’s both work or even raise their children as a single parent. This product capitalizes on this demand to make lives as simple as possible by saving parents the hassle  of having to apply a messy heavy cream to prevent their children from developing or treating a diaper rash. This trend will only continue into the future and JNJ needs to keep this in mind when developing a new product. Market ResearchIn order for Johnson and Johnson to get a new product to the right consumer, they must first divide the market and then target a smaller portion of that market. The process of segmentation is basically those buyers JNJ is looking for that share the same needs and have same buying behaviors. The purpose of segmentation allows narrowing down the same needs and buying behaviors they are looking for in a target market. There are several ways segmentation can help JNJ to find their target consumers. They include the geography, the psychographics, social-cultural graphics, and demography. Johnson and Johnson will have to evaluate all four bases in order to find an ideal customer. The geographical base is probably the least important factor on the segmentation criteria, although it is important, there are other factors that are more crucial. Depending on where the consumers shop and live can also depend on availability of a product. If a consumer lives in a more rural area, there may not be a distribution of the new product. However, the internet has made it possible to reach consumers in remote areas and make it possible for them to buy products that are not available in their area. The psychographics of the targeted consumers is one of the most important aspects on what will make the consumer buy into the product. Since our new product is directed towards convenience and prevention, we want to know what the lifestyles of our consumers are like. Specifically, we are looking for parents who are on the go, but are still concerned for their child’s healthcare. This new product will better suit those parents who are very active in their daily lives. The behavior bases such as the social-graphics provide a sense of reassurance to all current JNJ customers. â€Å"The fundamental objective of Johnson & Johnson is to provide scientifically sound, high quality products and services to help heal, cure disease and improve the quality of life.†Ã‚  (Johnson and Johnson.com, 2002) Many people buy these products because JNJ is a well established company that has been around since 1886; therefore, some of these consumers will want to consider trying out a new and improved product. Also the fact that most of JNJ products are pediatrician recommended has in itself helped to establish the level of trust consumers feel towards the brand and know that these products will not harm their children. The demographics for this new product will be the most important factor for the targeted market. The consumer’s age will typically define what maturity level is buying the product. Typically older parents ranging in age from 25 years to 35 years have the means to take better of their children’s healthcare needs than younger parents ranging in age from 16 years to 25 years. The parents in the older age bracket are generally better established in their full-time careers, both working full-time jobs and are always on the go; whereas, the younger parents are barely trying to get a head start and can not afford the convenience. Family size is also another factor because the larger the family, the more likely the parents are concerned with the cost of the product. Studies have shown that smaller families are more willing to try new products and are not as concerned with the price as bigger families tend to be. Occupation is another important factor of demographics. With rising costs most families need dual incomes in order to cover their cost of living. As a result of both parents working, parents are more strapped for time; therefore, if a product proves to be more convenient they may be willing to pay a little extra for this convenience. After analyzing all the segmented bases we are closer to realizing the target market of consumers for this product. We have found that the target market for our product is the older parents as opposed to the very young ones who have one or two children. The majority of our market will be families with dual incomes looking for the convenience that our product will offer to them. This market will buy our product due to the level of trust they have in our brand from pediatrician recommendations and brand recognition. Most likely these parents will be from urban and metropolis areas who will have easy access to our product as a result of our distribution. However, most  importantly our target market will be parents who want to make sure their children are healthy and free from any infections or irritations due to diaper rashes, but at the same time looking for the convenience of this 2 in 1 product. Competitors and the Competitive LandscapeJNJ has created a revolutionary product, a 2-in-1 diaper with diaper rash cream that makes changing diapers easier for the consumer. This no mess, one step diaper promises to prevent non-fungal diaper rash instead of just treating it. JNJ already has over 50 years of experience with its current diaper rash product Balmex. JNJ decided to take its very effective, well known diaper rash cream and add a new twist. Now parents will not only treat a baby for diaper rash, but they will prevent non-fungal rashes from occurring. One problem that JNJ faces is anticipating who will buy this product and how much one will pay for this convenience this product offers. Since there is currently no item like this diaper on the market, there is no secondary research for JNJ to build upon. The only facts that JNJ has is the effectiveness and popularity of Balmex. Before JNJ can present this product to the public it must conduct primary research to determine whether or not the diaper can compete in the market of diapers and diaper rash creams. JNJ has a long history with its customers and has been able to successfully meet their needs over this period of time. JNJ first began in 1887 with creating sterile dressing for surgical procedures, reducing the risk of infection. By 1897 they were named â€Å"The Most Trusted Name in Surgical Dressings† (J&J, 2006). In 1890, JNJ baby powder, the original treatment of diaper rash was introduced. In 1948, JNJ was the first company to create the disposable diaper (GPOABS). In 1951, Balmex was created to treat diaper rash (J&J, 2006). It was not until 1961 that Pampers were introduced and in 1968 Huggies hit the market (GPOABS, 2005). JNJ has been caring for families for over a century in a variety of ways. Not only did JNJ produce over 90 percent of surgical dressings in the late 1800’s, but they protected families during the Great Depression by assuring none of the workers lost their jobs. JNJ has also protected families through its products and pharmaceuticals (J&J, 2006). This extensive history  provides JNJ with a loyal consumer base, and the knowledge of filling the needs and wants of its consumers. While JNJ does not currently market a diaper, it has made diapers in the past. JNJ also has the advantage of studying other companies’ diapers and understanding what works best and why. Through this secondary research that was available to JNJ we are able to create a diaper that could promise the same breathable, stretchable, compact fit that other diapers offer. Now JNJ can exceed what the other diapers promise, by being able to provide the first diaper that will prevent non-fungal diaper rashes. These new diapers will not only prevent diaper rash and be just as comfortable as other diapers, they will cost the same amount as Pampers, the current most expensive diapers. Since most families are always on-the-go, the hassle of applying messing diaper rash cream in neither convenient nor time saving. A baby with diaper rash also means a baby that is more irritable from skin irritation. JNJ diapers will prevent non-fungal rashes reducing a baby’s irritability from rashes. JNJ’s diapers will be both convenient by eliminating the need for excess messy products and provide the baby with healthier skin that is not provided by the competitors. It is crucial for a company such as JNJ to market their new product line accordingly to add to their success. They must be able to communicate their marketing message in such a way that their targeted group will be interested in what they have to offer. By using their available resources to the fullest extent, they will be able to generate more revenue. The goal to promoting the new product line is to be acquainted with the selected buyers. Since this will be a completely new product for this industry and company, JNJ has to take on a strong position and really be prepared to overcome the challenges that may arise. JNJ must consider what their consumers are looking for in a diaper. If they can successfully determine the needs and wants of those purchasing diapers, they will be able to expand their cliental. They should evaluate their current customer base and determine how to maintain their loyalty when purchasing diapers. By identifying their current market group and considering some of their demographics such as income and also looking into their life-style, how often will they need or use the product and the loyalty of their customer base. Another important factor for the marketing plan is to focus more on the benefits of the product. They must pay special attention to the direct needs of the purchaser. They must be able to understand and deliver how a customer will profit by this new product. Recognizing the needs of the consumers will help in convincing them to buy their products, which will lead to more sales revenue. Consumers are really buying products that will bring them convenience, save money and time. The more JNJ knows about their customers and competitors the more they will be successful. Since this product line will be completely new, they must work out all the negative drawbacks that may come up so it does not affect the company’s reputation as a family friendly organization. This product will be targeted to the type of parents that want convenience and with the least amount of hassle that will fit into their busy schedules of juggling work and raising a family at the same time. At JNJ the company understands the need to make life as easy as possible for these working parents and has discovered this new market opportunity that has the potential to be a highly demanded product in the disposable diaper industry. In the United States, $8.5 billion a year is spent on disposable diapers. Currently there are two big companies who own a large portion of this market, Procter & Gamble (Pampers) and Kimberly-Clark (Huggies). JNJ does not currently produce diapers; however, they have developed a brand association amongst parents of being a dependable and trustworthy company for their childcare needs. Obviously, the company’s main priority is to increase sales and profits for the company; however, they also wish to sustain the trust that has developed through the years with a new product that is what the consumer wants, needs and depends upon. Using the five-step marketing research approach, JNJ has developed the route for the new product; JNJ Diapers with Balmex. Step one requires that research objectives  are set by having a clear understanding about the type of research needed to introduce the product to the market. By using casual research, JNJ will try to determine if adding diaper rash cream to diapers will actually motivate consumers to buy the product. Casual research tries to determine if a change in one factor changes another one. This type of research would best suit the purpose of JNJ because Balmex is a product that already works; however, the company hopes to make that product even better and create the need and demand in the targeted market. Step two is to develop the research plan by specifying the constraints on the research activity, identifying the data needed for marketing decisions, and determining how to collect the data (Kerin, Hartley, Berkowitz & Rudelius, 2006). The constraints on this project fall heavily on time and money needed to do research; however, JNJ is a large corporation that can afford the necessary funds to develop and do the required R&D. Even so, it is important to establish the budget and time that will be allocated to this research. The type of data that is needed needs to be collected by sampling from a population that is most likely to use the diaper. This product is targeted to a specific market and for that reason there must be a parameter set up with precise rules to select that sample. This type of sampling is referred to as probability sampling. Step three is collecting relevant information. Since this product has never been developed before, it is important to collect primary data for this research by using questionnaire data placed in specific magazines targeted towards parents. Also Internet surveys will be conducted on JNJ websites. JNJ will offer incentives to those that participate in these surveys by sending free samples of existing product lines. By offering these types of incentives JNJ hope not only to target the specific diaper market, but possibly develop a wider consumer base for existing products. Step four is the development of the findings collected. After relevant information has been collected the data needs to be analyzed carefully. The last step will require JNJ to implement a marketing action once all data has been reviewed and possible recommendations have been considered. Finally, JNJ will need to constantly evaluate the results by comparing profits with goals established for this product. Positioning and DifferentiationJNJ’s new rash-free diaper will be more convenient and effective for parents compared to what is offered by the other leading brands. This will give JNJ a competitive advantage over the market place with a product that is differentiated amongst existing products and will help them to gain a customer base in a heavily dominated market. What differentiates JNJ’s product from all the other products is that the new diaper is a modification to an existing product. JNJ does not currently produce diapers, however; they do produce and sell diaper rash cream. This new product will be a combination of both products and will add efficiency and effectiveness for the parents when changing their baby’s diapers. It will also aid with the prevention of diaper rashes for small children and give parents a new option when choosing a diaper for their childcare needs. JNJ will have to continue to redesign and improve their product process. One of the key elements to positioning this new product is through the research and development. This is where they can solve any current problems they may have against the product and through technology help aid in new findings and possibly better the product with new inventions. Research and development needs to be an ongoing process that never stops because it won’t take long before the competitors are doing it better and more efficient than you are. JNJ has already positioned themselves as a common household name. Many consumers feel a certain level of trust when hearing or seeing their famous trademark because JNJ has been in the health and baby care business for the past 60 years. JNJ is committed to helping people live longer and healthier lives. Since JNJ has already established a large consumer base, the immediate challenge will be to heavily promote this new product into their existing product lines. Product Life CycleThe first step in the product life cycle of JNJ’s new baby diaper is the market introduction. The initial expectation is that sales  will be low as customers will not be aware of nor will they be looking for a diaper made by JNJ. Promotion will be essential during the introduction stage. Even with significant promotion, it may take some time for potential customers to learn about the availability and the advantages of using JNJ’s new diaper. JNJ further expects to experience a loss on this product during the initial market introduction due to product, promotion and place expenses. JNJ should expect a prolonged introduction phase because it is trying to take a share of an established market. Customers who are content with their current diaper choice may not be too eager to switch brands. The most likely customer will be people who have become recent parents and have received various types of promotion from JNJ. The next phase in JNJ’s new diaper life cycle is the market growth stage. JNJ expects both new and experienced parents to purchase the new rash free diaper. During the market growth stage, JNJ will experience rapid growth and exposure. The diaper will initially experience strong profits. During this phase, JNJ will experience its largest profits from this new product. It is JNJ’s expectation that the competitors will produce a similar product in approximately three months from the market introduction. If JNJ ignores the competition during this stage, it could be devastating to the success of this product. It will be essential to the success of this product to win over and maintain the customers who are already using JNJ baby care products by stressing and promoting the trust that they have developed through the years with their Balmex diaper rash cream. The third phase of JNJ’s new rash free diaper will be the maturity stage. During this stage the competition will get stiffer and JNJ should expect lower prices from the competitors. The competitors may also spend more money on promotion while fighting to keep their share of the market. The competitors have a lot at stake and will fight hard to keep their customers. During this stage JNJ needs to concentrate of reinventing the product by considering revisions to the marketing mix primarily focusing on promotion. The last stage in the new diapers life cycle will be the sales decline stage. The primary reason for sales to decline is a vigorous product war from the  competitors. They will essentially duplicate JNJ’s new diaper and try to make it better. They will lower their prices and spend more on promotion. At this stage, the competitors will usually drive the small organizations out of business. However, lucky for JNJ, the company is too large to be easily driven out of the marketplace; therefore, the other diaper companies will have to fight long and hard to hold on to as much of their customer base as possible by relying on generational experience and loyalty. The United States is experiencing rapid population growth which means new families are being created everyday. This is good news for JNJ as new families develop; new potential customers are born everyday. Between July 2004 and July 2005, the countries population grew by 2.8 million people. The southwest portion of the United States saw the most growth. California has remained the most populous state in the country with 36.1 million people. Nevada has been the fastest growing state for 19 consecutive years with a growth rate of 3.5%. Arizona is a close second with a growth rate of just under 3.5% (U.S. Census, 2005). JNJ must concentrate developing new life cycles and reinventing the product in areas with significant growth patterns. With the right strategy JNJ will overcome the sales decline phase by reintroducing the rash free diaper to new families by including the new diapers into the marketing mix already in place for other JNJ products. Marketing MixProduct StrategyThe JNJ pre-medicated diapers are made with the same high quality cotton as their sterile surgical supplies. The otter shell is soft to touch and breathable. There is elastic around the legs and back allowing for baby to move freely without the parents need to fear of leaking. There is a tab on either side of the waist that is re-adjustable. The center of the diaper is filled with a dry gelatin substance that is capable of absorbing 500 milliliters of fluid. The inner liner of the diaper is made of cotton and has a very thin layer of Balmex applied in a three inch by six inch area. Last there is a wax paper cover over the Balmex which must be removed before the diaper is applied. Each diaper is wrapped in an airtight thin plastic pouch. These pre-medicated diapers are designed with the concept of keeping a  babies’ skin healthy. For that reason all materials used are hypo-allergenic and have been tested of a variety of skin types. All materials used are breathable and latex free. None of the materials used have been tested on animals. The diapers are guaranteed to keep fresh as long as outer plastic bag is kept intact. If there should be some malfunction of the diaper or should the baby develop a reaction JNJ will refund the full purchase cost. Place StrategyJohnson & Johnson foresees the new rash free diaper being carried primarily as retail item. These retail stores would probably include baby care sections and a wide array of baby care products. These stores are usually located in or near densely populated areaswith a large and diverse customer base. Due to the explosion of urban sprawl and rapid population growth, more families shop at these types of retail outlets. Before organizational buyers begin to carry our unique product, we will conduct surveys to help us narrow down the right consumer groups. Data from the surveys taken will determine whether or not this product would be viable in a market that is diverse and unpredictable. Price, place, promotions, and our product must be considered. Targeting marketable locations through marketing surveys will help us to better understand the locations that we will make our product available and it will also enable us to create a reasonable price that will meet our costs and profit requirements and those of the consumers buying our product. Promotions through personal selling, sales promotions, public relations, direct mail, trade fairs, exhibitions, advertising and sponsorship will help us to create the demand and the awareness of our new product. Retail stores are mostly profit organizations that are concerned with revenue. If the organization is unable to make a certain amount of profit they simply choose not to carry our new product. That is why it is so important that we price this product correctly to not only meet the needs and wants of our own and those of our consumers, but also to meet the needs of the organizational buyer. These diapers must also be a product that is demanded by the consumer in order for the retail stores to continue stocking our products. If we are not successful in generating a significant amount of  demand, these retail stores will simply discontinue their purchasing of our new product line. Retail generally desires a high inventory turnover rate. They expect JNJ to heavily promote their new product in order to create the demand and if successful will continue to stock our product as long as they continue to move off of their shelves. Another retail concern is the availability of the product. Stores and their consumers do not like to be told that a particular item is on back order. When a store sells items they need to fill that spot on the shelf quickly so more items can be offered for sale. It is a very frustrating situation when the demand for a product can not be met not only for the consumer but the organizational buyer as well. This type of situation results in a significant loss of revenue for the organizational buyer and upsets the consumer that relies on the store to carry the product and will result in loss of business for all parties involved in the transaction. That is why it is very important for our company to understand what that demand will be and have the product available to meet those demands. The diaper has to be consistent with the stores existing product mix. Some retail stores and supermarkets consistently carry baby items while others tend to specialize in just a few specific items. Most important, the product must work and be free of defects. No retail store wants to be associated with a large-scale recall. Another prospective organizational buyer will be daycares and hospitals. These types of venues will offer a great opportunity to introduce our product to consumers. Hospitals will require diapers for newborn babies and ill baby patients. Not only will they desire a service contract but also hospitals tend to give out care packs to the babies’ families when they leave the hospital. Care packs contain baby products including diapers and coupons. Hospitals will expect a certain amount of promotional products. Daycare Centers commonly stock baby care products. Again, this is a great opportunity to establish a relationship with consumers. Daycares contract with companies such as Huggies or Pampers in order to purchase diapers in bulk. Diaper consumers will be family oriented men and woman from a wide range of social economic levels. Many first time parents will be in an experimental stage. They will try different diapers and see what appeals to them the most. Most new parents rely on care packages and samples at the start of parenthood until they form preferences. Children are expensive and parents quickly learn that price is a significant factor. Parents who have experienced diaper rash will want to prevent future occurrences. An experienced parent may be attracted to a diaper that has the cream included as opposed to one where the parent needs to get their hands messy with diaper rash cream. Due to this experience, it is easy to see how pre-medicated baby diapers can save time, money, and frustration; leading to happier moms, dads, and babies. Pricing StrategyIdentifying a pricing strategy for this new diaper will be based on what the competition is already doing in the marketplace. JNJ has decided to price the new diaper at the same price as other leading brands. This will give the company a competitive advantage since consumers can try the convenience that the new diaper offers without the cost of having to pay more. This diaper will understandably cost more to produce than the diapers produced by the competition resulting in a loss of profits, however; JNJ needs to gain a share of the marketplace and sometimes high markups do not always mean big profit (Perrerult & McCarthy, 2004). The pricing strategies will be closely tied to that of the competitors throughout the product cycle. JNJ is prepared for the competition to release their own version of the product; however, they will continue to base their marketing strategies on the experience and trust of Balmex that has been established for the past 50 years. The makers of Pampers and Huggies currently do not produce or have any experience with diaper rash cream and this will be a major advantage for JNJ. Discounts for the product will be offered to new mothers in part of the care package they receive from the hospitals. These discounts will result in a fair amount of profit loss, but hopefully help JNJ to establish a new consumer base. JNJ realizes competition will be intense amongst the other leading brands,  but JNJ has the advantage of being a successful and large organization that can withstand the heavy blows that will inevitably be thrown by its competitors. Through constant research, JNJ will continue to find new and innovative ideas to differentiate themselves from their competitors. Promotion StrategyIn July 2007, one month prior to the public launch of the champagne, JNJ will provide free samples to be distributed throughout hospitals and pediatricians offices. These samples will provide money saving coupons and an online diaper club membership. This online diaper club will allow parents to leave reviews and recommendations for the diaper, communicate with other parents, and entitle them to future promotional savings. The diaper club is free, but exclusively for JNJ customers. JNJ will then launch its public diaper champagne in August 2007. This is the usual time when school starts and parents become busier. The promotional angle will be to help simplify and expedite the care of infants and allowing more time with older children. This will allow for the new diaper to circulate for two months before the holiday season. During the holiday season, JNJ will offer addition coupons to increase sales as gift items and personal use purchases. Since the holidays are full of busy schedules and parties to attend, parents can find piece of mind knowing that the new JNJ diapers will grant them much needed time, by reducing the time of diaper changes and eliminating the need to carry excess supplies. JNJ is anticipating competition around April 2008, when other diaper manufactures will be producing their own pre-medicated diapers. At that time JNJ will have a promotional program to match the price of its competitors, should their diaper be less expensive. JNJ will already have a customer base by that time, and with the diaper club will be able to make any necessary changes to their product. After the introduction of competitors, JNJ will focus mainly on the trust that has been developed with their name. In August 2008, JNJ will offer all current customers a substantial money saving coupon, to help celebrate their one year birthday. After this one year mark, JNJ will continue to offer savings through mail and online diaper  program, and with the anniversary of their diapers. The diaper will be promoted the same way as the rest of their baby products. Hospitals that currently use JNJ baby products will also be provided with free sample diapers and coupons for all parents. Advertising PlanJNJ pre-medicated diaper advertising will first appear on their website four months prior to the release of the product. Parents can click on this advertisement a chose to be one of the first to use the product for free and provide feedback. Two months prior to release of the diaper, JNJ will begin advertising through commercials. These commercials will focus on the health of babies’ skin, how messy tradition diaper rash creams are, and the busy hectic lives of parents. One month before the product is launched samples of the diaper will be dispersed to parents in hospitals. Two weeks prior to product release, coupons will be sent out in all newspapers. On all sample products and coupons the website for the baby diaper club will be clearly printed. All parents signing-up in the diaper club will receive a welcome package with samples of diapers and other JNJ baby products. When diaper is released, large displays will be set up in major retail stores that already sell other JNJ products. Free samples will be provided along with information on diaper rashes and how to care for a babies’ sensitive skin. Knowledgeable JNJ staff will man each display for the first 3 weekends the product is sold to answer questions and provide information to parents. Pamphlets will be available showing the clinical results of the diapers as well as access to the website. After the initial launch of the product, JNJ will continue to advertise their diapers in the same fashion as they do their other baby products. Through commercials on television, to Internet advertisements, to newspaper circulars there will be a very limited number of Americans who have not heard of JNJ’s new pre-medicated diaper. After one year of use and exposure in the United States, JNJ will launch its diaper throughout the world. Public Relation OpportunityMedia coverage and endorsements from various groups such as First Five will boost the Company’s image. JNJ has had a long history of quality products and quality customer service. Some may say that developing an innovative improvement to the diaper is long over due for a prestigious corporation such as JNJ. The development of a diaper that prevents diaper rash will create a renewed awareness for the JNJ Corporation and all of its products. This product will remind people of JNJ commitment to quality and innovation. Channel ManagementChannel management is as important as setting a reasonable price, providing a quality product and having adequate promotion. JNJ must get the product to the customer in a convenient and timely fashion. Essentially JNJ must keep the selves stock wherever perspective customers expect to find diapers. JNJ will utilize a variety of distribution channels from direct to indirect. JNJ will use a mix of selective channels as well as extensive channels. JNJ will use direct and indirect channels to reach the consumer. For example: JNJ will sell directly to large hospitals and medical groups. Since hospitals and medical groups are going to be parent’s first introduction to baby products; JNJ will directly contact these organizations and attempt to form contracts with them. Having JNJ’s new diaper being used in hospitals and clinics is also a type of promotion for the new product. JNJ will not rely on a middleman to gain such an important business relationship. Another direct channel JNJ will use is their subsidiary, Baby Center. Through the website, Baby Center, JNJ has embrace technology as a form of reaching perspective customers. Baby Center is an interactive information center on the Internet. In addition to researching and networking with others; parents can order products directly from the Internet site. An indirect channel of distribution will be large retailer stores. JNJ will not deal with small stores, as they do not move enough inventory. These retail chains have huge distribution centers strategically located to service their stores. JNJ would deliver their product to these large  distribution centers and they the individual chains would worry about getting the product to the selves. Ideally, JNJ wants to move as much product as possible to as few locations as possible. Then the middlemen or retail chains would take it from that point forward. JNJ will practice intensive channel distribution. JNJ expects the majority of retail stores that historically carry baby products to carry JNJ’s baby diaper. Examples of retailer stores JNJ may use are: Wal-Mart, Target, Kmart, Costco, Sams Club, Walgreens, Sav-On and Rite-Aid. All large supermarket chains would also carry the new diaper. JNJ wants this new diaper to be as available to the consumer as any other diaper. JNJ’s position is not to make the diaper a specialty item that is difficult to locate. JNJ’s aim is to make their diaper a wise and simple alternative to the conventional diapers. JNJ will utilize contractual agreements whenever possible. Contracts will enable JNJ to monitor their inventories coming in from China. These inventories can be trucked directly from the docks to the various regional retailer distribution centers. Storing inventory is very expensive therefore JNJ will strategically plan production levels based on contractual agreements. JNJ will use the same distribution channels used for other baby products therefore shipping costs will be nominal. One way to create a channel is if the retailer is motivated to sell JNJ product. Initially JNJ may have to offer a better profit margin for their diapers than the competitors. This will create channel motivation where the retailers will push JNJ’s diaper over the competitors. By creating this channel motivation, some of the retailers may even promote the diaper on their own to make more sales. The other way to create a channel of motivation is if the consumer is asking for the product. This is why the marketing mix is integrated. If JNJ created a quality product, the price is right and it has been promoted well; then there will be a consumer demand for the product. This demand will pull the product through the distribution channel to the selves. When the customer  begins pulling the product through the distribution channels; JNJ will not have to push so much and lower the retailer’s profit margin. Fortunately JNJ already has a full range of baby products. JNJ will continue to use the same format for their diapers as they do for their other baby products. JNJ Sales and Logistics division will be the primary contact for JNJ retail customers. These teams will take orders and ship directly to the retailer’s regional distribution centers. Budget PlanIn 2005, JNJ spent approximately $6.5 billion in research and development for future products. The amount of this investment for research & development shows that JNJ deems it imperative to invest heavily in order to realize company goals and future growth. JNJ showed impressive sales at $50 billion in their 2005 Statement of Earnings, 29% of these sales were contributed to their consumer goods sector. Using this information and ratios to sales we will forecast a budget plan for the product development of Balmex Diapers. The following is a projected forecast for the Profit and Loss Statement of Balmex Diapers for Q1:Johnson & Johnson: Balmex Diapers (Dollars in Millions)Consolidated Statement of EarningsSales to customers $ 375Cost of products sold 104Gross profit 271Expenses:Selling, general, marketing andadministrative expenses 158Research expense 48Purchased in-process research anddevelopment 13219Net earnings 52Our projections take into account the heavy investment costs associated with product development like new capital assets, additional personnel, market research, patents and testing processes to launch the new product. We forecast that we will make a profit in the Q1 of $52 million. However, continuous research will be needed throughout the product cycle to gain superiority and growth in the diaper industry. MonitoringIt is critical in the marketing plan for researchers to continue to monitor the expectations, wants, and needs of their consumers since they change constantly. By having a monitoring process in place they are able to stay within the competitive market. However, this is not the only monitoring  process they will have, there are several other monitoring processes JNJ will have in place in order to achieve success with their new product. The use of the SWOTT analysis also helps to monitor the external and internal marketing environment and what factors affect it. Business behavior must also be monitored and evaluated periodically because it affects the production of the product. This new product will also be monitored through the pharmaceutical alliances in order to ensure they are within medical compliance standards. The internet has helped in the monitoring process. This is where the consumers will find out more about JNJ’s products and issues. They can also find opinions, other consumer insights, feedback on the products strengths and weaknesses, comparing prices, customer satisfaction, and distribution concerns. Because the internet has such a broad space for a marketing audience, the product must be clearly defined to the targeted audience. The audience will give continuous feedback so it will be critical for JNJ to keep the monitoring of the internet communication, maintenance, and sales results. Continually observing and analyzing the SWOT of JNJ will allow them to remain on the competitive market as a new product line is launched. Analyzing and preparing for the internal and external factors that are affecting their business with this new medicated diaper will put them into a lead position. Part of the monitoring process will also have them seek out potential sources that will provide them strength and filter through marketing weaknesses. The marketing environment is constantly changing therefore JNJ will have to develop knowledge on the current trends of their specific industry. Johnson and Johnson strongly believes in protecting the environment and the natural resources they use and in order to stay true to their promise they must continue environmental monitoring for their products. Monitoring consumer expectations and satisfaction is important to the success of a new product as well. The company will want to ensure the customers are satisfied with the product. By monitoring these results they will be able to determine whether production will need to make more or less of the item.  Sales results can be monitored through how many rebates or coupons have been redeemed during purchases. In the beginning phases of the new launch, more production will be needed in order to advertise it. But once it is being advertised, monitoring the satisfaction of the customer through surveys will give feedback. As feedback is being given, they are able to amend any errors or oversights right away. The company behavior is closely observed because this is where the ethical and social responsibilities of Johnson and Johnson employees are involved. All the focus has now turned to the consumers and JNJ needs to ensure their buyers are pleased with the service and quality of their products they have purchased. Johnson and Johnson will consider outsourcing a third party vendor such as an audit team to assess their customer performance versus the company’s performance. This can also be done through recent purchase surveys and having a customer satisfaction phone number on the product for a consumer to call in to voice their opinion about the product. It can be set up in an open forum to allow for comments, suggestions, or complaints. On the other hand an audit team can also be set up for the medical part of product. This audit will make certain JNJ is within medical guidelines since this new product will have medication. EvaluatingIn order for a large company such as JNJ to be successful with a new product, they must have adequate control processes in place. JNJ will have the four major control plans in place which are: annual-plan control, profitability control, efficiency control, and strategic control. There will be different job families responsible to ensure they have control over these. As they all work together it will meet the objectives to produce results. According to the textbook, Marketing Management, in chapter 2 is states companies can use Market Opportunity Analysis (MOA) to determine the attractiveness and probability of success. In this case JNJ will be able to exercise this feature in order to measure out the effectiveness of the  marketing plan they are looking for. They will be able to mostly narrow down the targeted audience and reach them more cost-effectively. JNJ will also be able to analyze whether they will be able to provide the best products for their consumers rather than the competitors and will it still meet the company’s budget. All these factors must be evaluated during the MOA. (Kotler and Keller 2006)It is clearly mostly important for JNJ to evaluate and consider their strengths and weakness in their SWOT analysis. They will want to improve on their weak points. If they are not aware of their major weaknesses and opportunities it can damage the brand element and image they have work so hard to set. If during an evaluation process they realize sales numbers are not coming in as they projected, they will have to analyze the corrective action to the problem. Some things they may want to consider might be to drop the production down on the item until they can figure out where the problem is and why people are not interested in it. Part of the evaluation process is the company must understand and evaluate what the consumer is looking for. Customers are always looking for benefit to satisfy a need. As consumers are making purchases they will go through a list of alternatives on which product they should purchase. As they are doing this, this is where JNJ must come in strong with they brand element such as their logo, symbol, character, and slogan. Since JNJ has been around for many years people are familiar with their products and services. Customers will also evaluate and associate one bad experience as a lifetime connection. If something ever went wrong, they would remember that when evaluating whether they would by a JNJ product. ControlMaking sure all controls are in place will ensure profitability and results. An annual-plan control ensures that JNJ stays within their goal according to their annual plan of sales, profits, and any other goals they might have set. Senior management will set a goal for the company as a whole and then goals will be dispersed between all other groups within the companies to stay within the group goal. Profitability control ensures they company is always making a profit. They is main responsibility of the marketing director since this person is who get the name and product out to the public which will generate more sales and profits for a company. If they  are able to create an excellent marketing strategy and consumers are consistently buying in, they will have successfully completed the job requirements. Efficiency control makes sure the entire staff is aware of the staying within a budget of marketing expenses which will increase the advertising campaigns, sales force, and distribution of the new item. Lastly, strategic control accounts for pursing the best opportunities on which markets to search for and the channels to get there can be done through a meticulous audit team. References GPOABS (2005). Diaper Evolution Time Line. Retrieved June18, 2006, from http://www.gpoabs.comJohnson & Johnson (2006). Johnson & Johnson. Retrieved June 18, 2006, from http://www.jnj.comKerin, R. A., Hartley, S. W., Rudelius, W., & Berdowitz, E. N. (2006). Marketing (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Kotler, K. (2006). Marketing Management (12th ed.). New York: Prentice-Hall. Perreault, W. D., & McCarthy, E. J. (2004). Basic Marketing (15th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. United States Department of Commerce Census Bureau (2005, December 22). Retrieved June 21, 2006, from http://www.census.gov

The Day You Were Born

The Day You Were Born I was forty-one weeks and one day pregnant, lying in an uncomfortable hospital bed, wearing a hideous pink gown, and counting the minutes until my next contraction. Apparently, you were very comfortable in my tummy because there was no sign of you making your appearance any time soon. I was having plenty of contractions but was not dilating; our doctor was looking for a count of at least 60 on the room monitor, but I was only in the mid-20s. Before long she ordered that Pitocin be administered to induce productive labor.It seemed to work– after only twenty minutes, my contractions went from the twenties to the eighties and continued to increase after that. A few more long hours passed. The doctor returned to our room to check on my progress. Surprisingly, after the initial dosage of Pitocin, I had only slightly progressed during the intervening hours. The doctor told me I should have advanced toward your delivery much more than I had and determined that m y inability to relax my body was the reason why the process had again been slowed.I was so excited to meet you that I couldn’t help but cry, thinking that you would never show up. A wonderful nurse then came in the room and sat down to talk with us. She assured me that every woman, and every pregnancy, are different. She promised me that I would not leave the hospital without you in my arms. She introduced herself as Nurse Pam, and called herself â€Å"The Pitocin Queen. † She told your Daddy and me all about her days as an Army nurse. We became instant friends. In order to get things moving along a little more quickly, she encouraged me to undergo an epidural to help me relax.Your Daddy was very supportive, holding my hand and reassuring me. Accepting pain medication, he said, did not mean that I was a failure; it just meant that plans had changed. After forty hours of labor, I was willing to try anything to get you to come into the world. After another long hour pass ed, the anesthesiologist came into our room. Your Nana happened to be downstairs getting coffee, and your Daddy and Aunt Lindsay couldn’t stomach a procedure involving a large needle, so the anesthesiologist ordered everyone but your Mimi to leave.The epidural took only about ten minutes, and between the anxiety and pain from the contractions, I didn’t even feel the needle. I was ordered to lie down and relax so that the medicine could fully take effect and was urged to let the nurses or doctor know if I wasn’t completely numb within a few minutes. About forty-five minutes passed, but I was still able to feel my left leg and move it around. Nurse Pam called the anesthesiologist back in for round two, and that time it finally worked.It was so odd to be lying in bed watching television while your Nana, Aunt Lindsay, Daddy and Mimi giggled about how I couldn’t feel the contractions. We would take turns looking at the monitor and exclaiming, â€Å"Did you fe el that one? It was huge! † I had completely relaxed at this point and wasn’t nearly as anxious about the passing time. I was even able to joke with your Daddy, â€Å"Wouldn’t it be crazy if they came back in here and I still haven’t progressed? Looks like we are moving in! † He was happy that I was feeling better, but now he was getting more anxious and ready to meet you.When the doctor came back in to check my progress, we were all happy and relieved to hear that I had progressed to the point where delivery was imminent. The excitement intensified with everyone talking about who you might look like and whose personality you would take after. It was only about one last hour later when I grabbed your Daddy and said, â€Å"Get the doctor– the epidural isn’t working anymore. I feel a lot of pressure. † The doctor returned and checked my progress, and said that the epidural was still working, but that the time for your delivery had finally arrived!The doctor dressed in her gown and gloves and said, â€Å"Go ahead and push when you’re ready! † I grabbed your Daddy’s hand and pushed hard, took a deep breath, and pushed again. The doctor yelled, â€Å"She has black hair! One more push! † I closed my eyes, pushed so hard, and after a big exhale, I heard you scream. That moment the doctor laid you on my chest was indescribable. My heart was pounding and tears were pouring down my face. I couldn’t believe that after waiting forty-one weeks to meet you, you were finally here! Nurse Pam gently took you to bathe, weigh and measure you.Your Daddy and I looked at each other and just smiled. We were both so happy you were finally here with us. Pam called out, â€Å"She’s nine pounds one ounce, and nineteen and a half inches long. She’s a big girl. † She wrapped you up in a blanket and placed you in your Daddy’s arms. His eyes welled up with tears and he immed iately fell in love with you. Everyone in the room was staring at your Daddy holding you and your Nana was lots of taking pictures. You had a full head of jet-black hair, dark eyes, ten precious figures and toes and flawless soft skin. You were the most perfect thing we had ever seen.

The Making of the Modern Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Making of the Modern Woman - Essay Example This points out to gross under recording of their contributions to growth of humankind. When recorded, women usually played less weighty, stereotypical roles of wives, girlfriends and mistresses among other less significant roles as expressed by historians (Purvis 41). The aim of this paper is to show women development and discuss how far they have come considering the challenges they face. Education. Until recently, the education of the girl child was considered less useful than that of a boy. Consequently, more resources were channeled towards education of boys who were termed as future leaders of the society while women were seen as wives and nothing more. Many cultures concurred in this aspect so much that even in the most developed of societies, girls or women always had less education than boys. Girls only received enough education to read and write while boys advanced in their education up to tertiary level. This ensured that the male position in society as leaders was consoli dated while women were concentrated on chores. The feminist revolution, however, changed all that and women nowadays have equal opportunities as men, albeit with some reluctance from the male dominated society (Bucor 1381). Equality. Development of the contraceptive pill in 1960 formed the starting point of the feminist revolution. ... According to DiCaprio, Lisa, and Wiesner (247), there has been gradual but sure change where women are now more or less treated with equity to men. Employment. In early days, there were jobs for men and others for women. Throughout history, the most lucrative jobs were for men while women had the lesser jobs. This was justified in some cases where women could not cope with unusually taxing or manual jobs. There were other jobs for women, mostly the less manly ones that the earlier chauvinistic men would not touch. In recent times, changes have happened that allow women to take lucrative jobs, including being high ranking managers and politicians like presidents and prime ministers (Guardian 2011). Religion. Most world religions do not mention the role of women in their doctrines. For instance, in the Bible only men were counted while women were grouped together with children thereby showing where women ranked in the Christianity hierarchy. In the Catholic Church, which carries a majo rity of Christians, there is no allowance for women to join the clergy, as was the case with Disciples of Christ. There is no explanation to this whatsoever but any critic can see that Christianity was and in many ways, still is seriously biased against women. Islam, on the other hand, promotes polygamy where women are seen as property just like material belongings when revealing the wealth status of a man (Smith 740). Things are changing, and women are becoming more involved in the society with even the world’s religions reconsidering women’s position. As a result, protestant churches have many women as pastors, seers and bishops. Family. As a mother, daughter or mistress, the role of a woman in the

Modern Art Periods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Modern Art Periods - Assignment Example The paper "Modern Art Periods" investigates modern art and periods of it. Here will be discovered such movements as cubism, impressionism, and post-impressionism. The Stagecoach at Louveciennes is a painting which represents the impressionism. In essence, Impressionism transcended boundaries and traditions that had characterized art and pioneered the emergence of new and radical forms of art. The tendency by the impressionist artists to paint outdoors was also considered radical since most artists were used to painting indoors and then allowed the painting to dry gradually. However, impressionist artists preferred painting indoors. In addition, impressionism art avoided the use of symmetry in looking at most of the paintings of the landscapes one realizes that they preferred asymmetry but still managed to maintain balance. Figure 2 adapted from Impressionist Paintings shows an example of an impressionist’s depiction of a spring landscape. Impressionism redefined art through th e use of light and visual effects and the tendency to paint outdoors and a significant number of impressionism paintings depict landscapes. In depicting landscapes the impressionism artists employed asymmetry about an object like a tree. The utilization of space was done uniformly demonstrating a tendency to create balance. Figure 3 adapted from Impressionism Paintings, shows how the garden has been visually harmonized by the trees in the background. Manet’s painting style was always considered to be controversial. ... Perhaps one single impressionist artist that share many similarities with Manet is Edgar Degas. Both artists hailed from wealthy families and their paintings were often done luxuriously in places like racecourses. In fact when the two met Edgar influenced Manet to adopt a more impressionist approach in art. The artists share some similarities and difference in their style of painting. Figure 4: Daughter of Jephtha by Edgar Degas In figure 4 adopted from Blacksheep, one realizes that Degas occasionally painted from a historical perspective demonstrated by the Bibilical depiction in the painting. Degas also preferred the use of deep and dull colors. His paintings also brought about an important aspect of impressionism; depiction of movement. On the other hand as depicted in Figure 5 adopted from Blacksheep, Manet preferred the use of brigher and huge chunks of colors. Manet wlaso avoided historical paintings. Figure 5: The Absinthe Drinker Claude Monet contributed to suburban realism b y constantly providing a vivid depiction of the suburban places he had visited and the feelings the paintings had elicited within him. Monet’s depiction of the suburban areas was characterized by paintings indicating the simple pleasures of suburban areas where nature met with the emerging civilization. Figure 6 adapted from Claude Monet's Paintings, shows one of his paintings depicting pleasure boats at Argentueil. Monet uses light to depict the emerging civilization and its pleasures and dull colors to depict the tranquility of nature. In essence, the juxtaposition of nature and civilization as depicted by Monet provide new avenues of adventure by artists. Figure 6: Pleasure Boats at Argentueil

Eisenhower's Farewell Address Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Eisenhower's Farewell Address - Essay Example The Pentagon is the headquarters of the Department of Defence. Much of the focus of the complex is on this institution as this is where the money goes and the decisions are made. This was especially true during the height of the Cold War when the U.S. faced an existential threat from the Soviet Union, and members of the complex could use fear to strengthen their arguments. These groups not only felt that America needed to spend more on the military to survive, they also wanted more money spent so that they themselves could be enriched. Many of these programs would not have been a good use of taxpayers funds. For Eisenhower, this was unacceptable. He valued a strong national defence policy, but he was concerned that defence spending was taking over and that it was eating into other programs. He knew that for America to be strong it needed both a powerful military and also the social and cultural programs that made it a beacon of freedom to the world. He believed that too much power in the hands of the military-industrial complex would have negative consequences. Work consulted Bowie, Robert R. and Richard H. Immerman. (1998). Waging Peace: How Eisenhower Shaped an Enduring Cold War Strategy. Oxford University Press.

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What is Federalism - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that these great United States were founded on the idealism and dreams of a people who dreamed of a federal society governed by the rules of freedom and democracy. The present research has identified that we live in times when the sacrifices of our forefathers helped to shape the nation that has nurtured and protected our forebears and will hopefully, also be called home by our successors. Yet for all the dreams and aspirations that we have as a nation, for all the history that helped to create the United States of America, we know very little about the federal form of government that governs our existence. The author has rightly presented that we acknowledge the fact that our country has been run under a federal system of government for over 200 years. It is a system of governance that works for the American people because it has its basis deeply rooted within our lawful constitution and has continued to evolve with the changing times that our country goes through. Yet it is highly doubtful that the average American will know what federalism is all about and how it functions in terms of governance of our country. It was Roche who explained that â€Å"federal ­ism refers to the division of au ­thority and function between and among the national government and the various state governments. But it has come to possess a wider meaning in American political his ­tory†.

Information security management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Information security management - Essay Example Both threats and vulnerabilities need to be considered concurrently. Threats can provide damage to the confidentiality, availability and integrity of information present in the information systems. They explore opportunities for security breaches to cause confidential data invasion via unauthorized access, amendment of data, removal of information from information systems. Threats can hit the network from various sources. Threats are confidential on the parameters of different capabilities and approach including external approaches by cyber criminals, hackers, terrorists. For handling threats of different nature different risk mitigation and control methodologies are required in the context of protecting the prioritized information systems. Vulnerabilities are the weaknesses which are present in the system against the current threats. Vulnerabilities can be distinguished as security loop holes in the system. If hackers find these loop holes in the system, results are devastating incl uding unauthorized access, amendment or complete deletion of the system. A recent example is the hacking of wiki leaks website which impacted the whole world and also affected strategic and economic relations between countries as various confidential documents were leaked out from the website. Vulnerabilities are successful due to policy weaknesses, inadequate implementation of security infrastructure, and information of personal issues. For identifying any possible threats, testing of the security infrastructure including network components, hardware and software is essential which may occur in the future. The risk is defined as the likelihood of different threats via different circumstances, which are affecting the network and information systems. The circumstances should consider the strategy, security measures, environmental measures, own experience and the experience of other connected entities in the context of information security failure. The impact calculation is also requi red in terms of data integrity, availability; confidentiality and the cost associated with the fixing systems, lost availability and other related issues which are of prime concern to the network and information system operations. Measurements consist of Cost which is used to protect the information and systems Value of the information and information systems Threat probability and occurrence Effectiveness of Controls Hazards determine the identities and quantities of any chemicals or harmful substances present as pollute causes in the environment. There are different type of hazards required for cleaning and maintenance of the office furniture and items. Hazards may masquerade to human health or the network and information systems when spilled out accidentally by mistake. They also require flammable characteristics which may occur in severe threats and help to increase fire or other incidents. Assets are the components serving internally, as well as externally, within the network. Assets can be divided in to several different information technology environments. The physical infrastructure contains Servers, workstations, data centers, switches, routers etc. The core infrastructure contains virtual private networks, Microsoft active directory, domain controllers, email servers etc. The Internet infrastructure co

Discuss the importance of ethics in business in light of the recent Assignment

Discuss the importance of ethics in business in light of the recent global financial crisis (GFC) - Assignment Example assessment item they should attach all supporting documentation to the completed Request for Extension form which is available from a Student Centre, the UWS website or from the ‘Support’ folder in the BAS vUWS site. Requests for extension must be submitted no later than three working days prior to the due date of the assessment task to Parramatta Campus, School of Marketing, Building ED (Reception) or Campbelltown Campus, School of Marketing Building 22A (Bev Booth). After that period, requests for extensions will not be accepted and students will need to apply for special consideration. If students need to apply for a special consideration, they should attach all supporting documentation to the completed Application for Special Consideration form which is available from the Student Centre, the UWS Website or from the ‘Support’ folder in the BAS vUWS site. Applications need to be submitted to the Student Centre at Parramatta or Campbelltown A student who submits a late assessment without approval for an extension of the due date will be penalised by 10 per cent per day up to 10 days, i.e. marks equal to 10 per cent of the assignment’s weight will be deducted as a ‘flat rate’ from the mark awarded. For example, the essay development assessment task that is worth 20 marks will have 2 marks deducted from the awarded mark for each late day including Saturdays and Sundays. Assessments will not be accepted after the marked assessment tasks have been returned to students who submitted the task on time. Linking different pieces of information in a structured manner is important. The simplest way to ensure that your work is structured in such a way is to prepare an essay plan before you start. Essay plans help with structuring by organising information so that each concept flows logically from the one preceding. An essay plan also can help you work out how you will answer a question and which information you will use. With regard to the recent economic

Working capital management - a business organizations success Essay

Working capital management - a business organizations success - Essay Example Working capital management is essential for a business organization's success and even mere survival. By focusing in this aspect, companies are able to ensure sufficient cash flow in order to settle maturing short term obligations and finance expected operational expenses (McClure 2008). Without efficient techniques in managing working capital, a company can show profitability but might be illiquid to settle its current liabilities thereby jeopardizing its relationship with creditors. Working capital management also covers the efficient collection of accounts receivable and sale of inventory in order to generate cash. The better the company manages working capital, the less money it needs to borrow. Holding excessive cash is also seen as inefficient because it can be used for investment which maximizes shareholder wealth. One of the best examples of companies which benefits from focusing on working capital management is computer giant Dell, Inc. The company's success can be directly attributed to its efficient inventory management system which eliminates excessive production. In contrast with typical manufacturers, Dell's production is tied up with customer demand enabling it to get rid of inventory holding cost.

Cold war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cold war - Essay Example The domestic influence of the Cold War brought to their prominent leadership anti-communist presidents such as Truman, Kennedy, and Nixon who not only waged political and cultural battle with the Soviet Union, but also fought with the latter in the endeavor to achieve greater favor for the American economy. Though the nature of Cold War bore domestic consequences upon local affairs, political battles between the Soviet Union and the United States were mostly staged on an international level. By the time ‘Sputnik’ took off, most schools functioned as fighting grounds in allowing intellectual ideas to flourish over ideological conflicts of the 50s and this incident drew education to a sense of drastic reformation that appeared to radicalize certain schools of thoughts in various levels. Democratic enthusiasts would normally stress that acquisition of good scholastic foundation was beyond primary necessity, being an accountability and contribution to gaining victory over th e communists so that state and federal sovereignties expressed support through generous funding of academic institutions. Fields of maths and sciences had been able to receive more than sufficient financial assistance with adequate books and facilities.

Satire in Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

Satire in Huckleberry Finn Essay Chapters 1-4: Superstition In chapters 1-4 of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, Twains characters tend to get worked up over the silliest of superstitions. In the second chapter, when Huck accidentally flicks a spider into a flame, he, â€Å"Was so scared and most shook the clothes off [him]† (Twain 3). He counters the burden that the dead spider will bring by performing plenty of even more odd acts like turning around while crossing his breast and tying up a lock of his hair to ward off the witches. Huck is still anxious because he hadnt been told that any of those counter charms were good for removing the penance of killing a spider. Most superstitions throughout these chapters stem from one person telling another of an irrational belief they hold as the truth like Jims â€Å"magical† hair-ball that he profits off of by telling people very vague fortunes (Twain 17-18). Some of these fortunes come true, so people tell others about the miraculous magic hair-ball. Superstition is an issue that has been around forever, and will probably be around forever. A psychologist, B. F. Skinner, discovered that any animal will develop superstitions, we are all just wired that way. For example, if one makes a bad grade on a test Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and it rains Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, one may start to believe that the rain is the reason why they have bad test grades just because of the correlation . Because of this, they may never want to take tests when it rains. Today, superstitions are less abundant because of widespread knowledge of science and reasoning, but it can still be observed in sports and religion where people do things really without a reason or dont really understand why. They just do it because theyve always done it. Superstition today does not really harm society but honestly makes it more interesting. Chapter 5: Greed In chapter 5, Mark Twains character, Pap Finn portrays greed in its purest form, and that is, in a stinky, rotten, hairy, drunkard. Pap Finn never does anything unless it benefits himself. Pap never helped another person out in the entire novel if it meant he had to lift a finger. He only even visits his only son whenever he needs money. When Huck finds Pap in his room right after hearing Jims fortune about the appearance happening, Pap first orders Huck to stop being smart because its making him look bad, and then reveals the real reason for his sudden showing up when he demands, â€Å"You git me that money tomorrow—I want it† (Twain 20). Pap uses the last bit of his power, his father authority, to exercise his greediness. Twain uses Pap to prove that absolute greediness is illogical. Even though Pap does whatever he can to help himself, because he was not good to others like his son, he receives none of the wealth that Huck has gained which would be given to a decent father. Greed is strongly prevalent today, especially in our economy. The American capitalistic economy is strongly centered on greed and excess. The highest ranking person in a business is really almost just like Pap, except they are rich and all.. The banks often try to profit quickly from the less fortunate by mortgage scams and placing many in debt and in even worse conditions than they were already in. CEOs and executives on Wall Street find loopholes to help themselves without even considering the lasting effects on the economy. Of course, there is greed and corruption in the government too. I think that this positively reinforced greed has really damaged the country. Greediness is the heart of America, but if it doesnt have boundaries, we may all turn into very lewd Pap Finns. Chapter 8: Slavery Twain, in chapter 8, demonstrates how slavery rips apart the moral fabric of a society by exposing the hypocrisy and underlying effects of the issue. Slavery corrodes the slave owner just as much as the slave as evidenced by Miss Watson lying about never sending Jim to New Orleans, but since the money was worth more to her than a human life, she goes back on her promise (Twain 43). Despite Miss Watsons piety, because she owns a slave, her morals are allowed to break down, and she breaks a commandment and goes against the bible when she greedily accepts the money. Jim, as a slave, is always in fear. He was afraid of Miss Watsons treatment when he lived with her, afraid of being sent to be a plantation worker, and now terrified of being caught as a runaway (Twain 43). This alone is enough to ruin his humanity, not to mention his physical beatings as well. The only thing he has to hold on to are his various superstitions like, â€Å"You musnt count the things you are going to cook for dinner, because that would bring bad luck† (Twain 45), and all of the signs and other things he points out. Huckleberry, even though he is very fond of Jim, constantly refers to him as â€Å"Miss Watsons Jim† (Twain), reminding the reader that Hucks society was taught that slaves were just property and nothing more. Because of slavery, the southern society in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has a lapse in morals by almost all of the whites, actually supports the devastatingly inhumane psychological and physiological treatment of humans, and contains seriously horrible false perceptions and prejudices. Slavery is not really an issue today. It has been abolished for over 100 years now. Although, the fact that (southern) society is functioning much better than it did back then proves that the slave-centered society was not only morally atrocious but also financially weak. The slave owners owned almost all of the wealth in the southern society. The poorer whites all idolized the planter aristocracy, but the aristocracy was hogging all of the wealth and causing the poverty. The Impending Crisis of the South by Hinton Helper, used charts and graphs to explain how exactly the non-slave holding whites were actually being harmed by the institution. The book was quickly ordered to be burned by the planter aristocracy. The only reason the poor whites kept voting for slavery was because they hoped to someday own slaves, and because they liked feeling racially superior. Slavery ended, and a few decades or so later, almost everybody was pretty much content with the way society was functioning Chapters 12-13: Man’s Inhumanity/Cruelty to Man In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck Finn is initially not one to stray away from violence and is typically fascinated with it. However, when Twain transitions the violence from make-believe with the band of robbers with Tom Sawyer to bloody, cruel violence on the steamboat, he exposes another moral atrocity by examining it through the eyes of a young boy. Although Huck had been intrigued with murdering and robbing in the beginning of the book, in chapter 12, Huck is greeted by actual violence and death, and realizes how awful it really is. On the steamboat, Huck reacts extremely impulsively when he realizes that the men are actually going to die. He becomes alarmed and heroically wants to save them even if it meant risking his own life (Twain 69-70). Even though Huck had been raised by an outrageously selfish father, and even though he pretends not to be bothered by blood and guts, when confronted with real violence, he puts aside his own need to rescue another. A young, barely educated child can realize how barbaric cruelty to another human is, but the frequency of such events have just desensitized most adults from realize the true monstrosity. I strongly agree with Twains idea that most people are born innocent. Not a great number of killings have been done by young children. Today, I think most of the worst cruel, inhumane treatment is done by people with psychological issues. A lot is done by people who have grown up in an environment that has desensitized them to violence like gangs, drug dealers, and the even the military. The media also plays a role in sustaining inhumanity. The increased violence in video games and on TV shows has made violent events part of every day life. Although I do think most people can differentiate between real violence and fantasy, I also believe that making gore so prevalent has made it seem less serious than it actually is. To me, inhumanity is probably the most disturbing issue. I sympathize immensely with people in poverty, and I really hate people being treated unfairly, but I sometimes cannot even stand to hear or look at somebody treating another person like an animal or even saying awful things to them. Chapter 6: prejudices/biases In chapter 6 of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain satires black prejudice by contrasting a white man and a black man. The white man, Pap Finn is dirty, hairy, greasy, and illiterate. He is infuriated that a black man is allowed the right to vote even though he is, â€Å"Most white as a white man†(Twain 27). Pap Finn portrays the white man as evil and racist in the novel. The free black man is the complete opposite of Pap. He is clean, well-educated and nicely dressed (Twain 27). The differences in this man and Pap exacerbate Pap. Just being black was enough to gain Paps hate, but since it was a smart, clean, well-dressed black man, it set him off. Twain disproves the idea of black men being stupid and uncivilized and white men being the better breed by filling the book with exceptions to these claims. I think that people today do get flustered by people being different and come up with racist ideas to help them cope with that. I guess I still live in my own little bubble of Kingwood suburbia, but I have not seen much evidence of extreme racism. I dont even really feel prejudice often either. I try to be analytical of people, but hardly ever base anything off of ones race. I know dangerous racism is still occurring in the deep south, but honestly, its dying out because more and more people are realizing what Twain was preaching. All men are created equal. I think that homosexuals are the next group that will be vindicated. Their civil rights movement is following more of the same patterns as previous ones. People have been slowly understanding them more and more. It is just hard for some to dismiss previously held beliefs.

Organisational Culture of Healthcare Organisation

Organisational Culture of Healthcare Organisation Ethical Organization Introduction: In this paper, I have described about the Sauk Village Community Health Care Center, which is an ethical organization. Apart from this, the paper includes the mission statement, vision statement and code of ethics. It also reveals the interrelationship between the mission, vision and code of ethics. The paper also describes about the organizational culture, leadership and oversight about measuring the organization performance Description of the Organization The Sauk Village Community Health Care Center is an ethical organization, which provides services related to the job training, shelter, education, food, clothing, medical treatment and other different types of counseling. Its clientele includes elderly people, teen mothers, disabled and peoples without home. It also includes people from the low income group. This is basically a non profit organization, receiving funds from the grants by the government. Mission Statement Its mission statement is based on the ethical grounds. Mission statement reflects the objectives of the organization, which are: Safe guarding the clients well being and health belonging to the community of Sauk Village; It especially includes those who are in greater needs. The next objective is to extend its services all over the community in Sauk Village in order to provide short and long term care to the people suffering from the complex and chronic health related problems and also to those suffering from economic and social problems. The main aim of this health center is to offer help and care to those people who are not getting help from anywhere. This organization helps its community to prosper and grow. This is done by: Proper Implementation of policy formulated by government. By Continuing the development of Program By growing the capacity of service provided By Having a adequate staffing Assisting people in living separately without depending on others. By making the outcomes better through screening, prevention and early intervention. By Assisting people in reducing homelessness Ethical aspect of mission: Its mission statement reflects the ethical system as it states that the existence of the company is for the protection of the well being of its clients. Therefore, no harm can occur either physically or mentally to the clients through the policy of discrimination or bias by the organization. The company is committed in providing best care for all the people who are in need. The company’s supreme goal is to provide right and appropriate health care on time from the superior staff so that they can easily overcome their ill health. The mission statement covey that the organization is with the people of community in each and every respect whether it’s mental health, education, training related to job and health and helping clients in becoming independent members of the community. Apart from this, the organization doesn’t allow any discrimination based on the caste, color and pay scale. Hence, the objectives of its mission statement are reflected in all its programs, activities and services. Value Statement The value statement of the organization is to concentrate on the clients by putting their efforts towards the betterment of their welfare and treating the people with due respect and dignity. This organization believes in performing best and improving the means of doing the things. Being a provider of health and human services, its value statement says that its workers are committed in achieving the best results. Apart from this, it will not differentiate client based on the age, race, sexual orientation or sex. The organization believes in providing excellent solution to the clients and the community. These value statements form the important part of the organization as these values are capable of encouraging actions. Moral aspect of Value Statement: The value statement formulated by the organization is ethical as this persuades workers to treat people in the right manner. Therefore, value statement is morally correct. The value statement shows the close association with the mission statement as value statement relates to the welfare of the community and clients. The mission and the value statement directs in doing best for the people without any biasness or injustice. The organization approach to provide the services depends on the following: RELATIONSHIPS – it is an important factor in establishing the trust and nurturing clients and other people in the community that the organization serves. SUPERIORITY – it gains superiority by providing best outcomes. RESPONSIBILITY – the organization is self responsible in taking self regulated action in order to achieve the success. SERVICE – the organization provides fair and equal services to all its clients LEARNING – the organization is committed towards the learning as it adopts the changes and brings new creativity. Code of Ethics The code of ethics of Sauk Village Community Health Care Center comprises of the following elements: Sheer Commitment towards the Diversity Abstain from any sorts of discrimination Abide by the Law Sustaining competency and expertise in management by implementation of the assessment program and through the various education schemes. Interest of all is taken care of i.e. no Conflicts are related to the interest Requesting for funds under ethical consideration Treating Volunteers with respect and dignity similar to the staff The process of Hiring is done in accordance with the assenting guidelines of action Using Code of ethics for the benefit of the profession and not for self-centered reasons Evading from the misuse of professional relationships for private benefits The code of ethics is capable of inspiring tangible outcome from the employees; this is so because to work properly for the organization, these serve as the guidelines which they are supposed to follow. And also, they would expect the same thing if they would have been the volunteer or client. Code of ethics shows the close relation with the mission and the value statement of the organization as all these three are aimed at protecting the health and welfare of the people. All these do not favor discrimination based on caste, creed and age. All These things help in providing the client best possible health care. As per the value statement, clients are treated with respect. Organization Culture Organizational culture is a set of characteristics that are commonly shared by people in the organization. Such characteristics may be in the forms of assumptions, beliefs, values and norms which are known as abstract elements of culture. As my organization is related to the human healthcare and services, I would plan to promote the culture of my organization on the basis of good health care of our clients. The employees of the organization would share the beliefs and values of each other along with that of organization. The culture of the organization would be based on some factors such as innovation and risk taking, attention to detail, outcome orientation, people orientation, team orientation, aggressiveness, stability, etc. (Prasad, 2008). In order to develop ethical culture, I would develop an understanding among all the staff members about the fact that union is strength. If we will work together, we will definitely achieve the goals of the organization. The culture of the organization would institutionalize the values of the organization because it regularly encourages the staff member to follow the values, beliefs and mission of the organization for the clients. By this way, it would be possible for us to provide the best health service within the low cost structure to the patients. Leadership Leadership is the process of influencing the behavior of others to work willingly and enthusiastically for achieving predetermined goals. At the post of the leader, a person is largely responsible for the culture of the organization. In some organizations, managers assume that they are not a leader, but as they are managers, the employees of the organization ultimately follow their behavior. Leadership is an important factor for making any type of organization successful. Without a good leader and leadership process, a manager cannot function effectively and efficiently (Gupta, 2007). My way of leadership is based on the participative style. In this style, I take decisions after consulting with my followers and after their participation in the decision-making process. I involve my group members in the decisions on the feasibility and workability of an idea. I believe that their co-operation in the attainment of organizational goals can be enlisted only if they are committed to the organization, and that commitment can be ensured only by an honest and open communication of ideas with them and by the development of a team spirit. I encourage my subordinates to function as a social unit, and make full use of their talents and abilities. I encourage subordinates to exercise high degrees of responsibility and freedom. They use as little authoritarian control as possible and are concerned with group relationship as well as getting the job done. They do not delegate their right to make final decisions and to give specific directives to their subordinates, but to seek the ir thoughts and opinions on many decisions that affect them. By this way, I cultivate the decision-making abilities of my subordinates and encourage them to increase their abilities to exercise self-control and urge them to assume greater responsibility for guiding their own efforts (Prasad, 2008). This style is very useful in many ways. When workers feel that their ideas are important and are being made use of, they feel considerably committed to change in which they have participated. Workers also develop a greater feeling of self-esteem. They maximize their potential in creative and productive ways and experience personal satisfaction and accomplishment of their tasks. Further, when most people are given a little freedom, they develop and grow in personality and job competence. Often they will take on more responsibilities than their job descriptions call for because of the pleasure they take in their work. I adopt a helpful attitude toward my subordinates. In this leadership style, I delegate as much responsibility to the members of the work team as their experience and knowledge will permit. I place emphasis on results rather than on an action. My philosophy is: â€Å"It is not always how a job gets done that is important but that the job does get done.† I show my concern towards the employees and thereby gain their respect. The role communication is very much important in establishing my leadership style. Without proper communication, the decisions cannot be made and delegated effectively. Effective communication creates workable understanding and agreement between two persons. I believe that full co-operation from the subordinates can only be achieved when there is clarity in communication. Proper and effective communication helps in building a trust worthy relationship between the leader and the subordinates. Effective leadership communication can be accomplished only when it has credibility. If I want to become a good leader, it is essential for me to be a good listener. By this way, I not only give chance to my subordinates to speak but also gather useful information for further communication. If the communication between my subordinates and me is not effective, I will not be able to guide and motivate them properly so as to accomplish the organizational goals. I will give incentives and bonus to th e employees on the basis of their performances. As a leader, it is my moral responsibility to follow the ethics and check the behavior of followers and culture of organization and make sure that everything is going right according to the ethics of the organization. As a leader, it is very essential for me to adopt the code of ethics, so that my followers will do the same. Oversight In order to maintain the ethical standard and evaluate the performance of the employees, I will conduct a periodical performance evaluation program. This would include weakly evaluation, monthly evaluation and yearly evaluation. On the basis of this evaluation, the employees would also get the appraisal and other compensation and benefits in the organization. I will conduct one on one interview with my staff in which I will discuss about the performance, strength, weaknesses and opportunity areas of the staff member and also provide suggestion, ideas and opinions to improve their performance. I will also give the grades or marks to the employees according to their performance and maintain a chart, which would help me to analyze the performance and improvement area of the employee. In place of oversight, I will put the system of ethical counseling board. They will give an opinion to me and my staff member in the circumstance when the ethics would not be followed. In order to handle th e other business issues like fund raising increases and decreases in the resources, there will a committee of board of directors in my organization (Kettner, 2002). Conclusion From the study, it can be concluded that the mission, vision and code of ethics form the core for an organization. These serve as the guiding tool for the employees and help them in providing direction in order to satisfy their clients in best possible manner. For better conduction and coordination among the employees, organizational culture plays a vital role. Apart from this, in order to make the organization successful, effective leadership is required. And in order to evaluate the performance of the employees and maintaining the ethical standard, periodical performance evaluation plays a vital role. Therefore, all these factors form an important component of the ethical framework. References Gupta, C.B. (2007), Human Resource Management (3rd Edition), New Delhi: Sultan Chand and Sons. Kettner, P. M. (2002). Achieving Excellence in the Management of Human Service Organizations. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Manning, S. S. (2003). Ethical Leadership in Human Services: A Multi-Dimensional Approach. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Prasad, L.M (2008), Organizational Behavior (3rd Revised Edition),New Delhi: Sultan Chand and Sons. Village of Sauk Village (2008). Retrieved May 16, 2008, from http://www.saukvillage.org/